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Catalysts Prepared by Precipitation
Published in Alvin B. Stiles, Theodore A. Koch, Catalyst Manufacture, 2019
Alvin B. Stiles, Theodore A. Koch
In the preparation of laboratory-scale lots of catalysts, the most frequent method of preparation is via precipitation. A schematic diagram of laboratory facilities is shown in Fig. 8. It can be seen that a simple glass beaker is quite satisfactory for the precipitation vessel. Dropping funnels or burets are also quite satisfactory for the addition of the precipitant. Temperature is indicated by either a thermocouple or a thermometer. The difficulty with a mercury thermometer is that if for whatever reason the mercury bulb is broken, the mercury contamination may destroy the catalyst. An immersion electrode for pH indication is also a part of the setup.
Electric Power Generation
Published in A.J. Pansini, K.D. Smalling, Guide to Electric Power Generation, 2020
Temperature may be measured by its effect in expanding and contracting some material, and is usually measured in degrees. The mercury thermometer is a familiar instrument in which a column of mercury is enclosed in a sealed glass tube and its expansion and contraction measured on an accompanying scale. Two such scales are in common use, the Fahrenheit (F) and the Centigrade or Celsius (C). The former has the number 32 at the freezing point of water and 212 at the boiling point; thus 180 divisions, or degrees, separate the freezing and boiling points or temperatures of water. The latter has the number zero (0) at the freezing point of water and 100 at the boiling point; thus 100 at the boiling points thus 100 divisions or degrees separate the freezing and boiling points or temperatures of water. Both scales may be extended above the boiling points and below the freezing points of water. Refer to Figure 2-4. Other instruments may employ other liquids, gases, or metals, registering their expansion and contraction in degrees similar to those for mercury. Temperature values on one scale may be converted to values on the other by the following formuas: ∘C=59(∘F−32)and∘F=95(∘C+32)
Food Safety and Principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCPs)
Published in Titus De Silva, Integrating Business Management Processes, 2020
Contaminants can also be introduced during the processing steps of a food product. Uncontrolled processing operations contribute to hazardous situations. Failure to effectively maintain processing steps such as temperature/time delay in processing, using wrong formulations and procedures, and following unauthorised processing steps may all result in contamination or microbial growth. Mercury thermometers used in the production area are a potential hazard, and now most organisations prohibit their use. Ineffective cleaning practices may leave chemical residues on plant and equipment.
Impulsive Behavior Detection System Using Machine Learning and IoT
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Soumya Jyoti Raychaudhuri, Soumya Manjunath, Chithra Priya Srinivasan, N. Swathi, S. Sushma, Nitin Bhushan K. N., C. Narendra Babu
Mercury thermometer is the most widely used instrument to measure temperature accurately but for analysis using micro-controllers and processors, we need digital measurements and hence digital sensors can be used. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) based sensors use the ring oscillator, where the oscillation frequency varies with temperature and is utilized to measure the temperature [24]. Reference [25] devised a Fiber Optical temperature measuring instrument which is built using semiconductors and LED which has a minute sensor that detects the change in absorption of light. Reference [26] implemented a transducer consisting of a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) temperature sensor that generates voltage corresponding to the temperature. Similar to this device, DS18B20 sensor has a similar transducer which gives digital output.