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Terpenes and Terpenoids
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
According to Gordon et al.,108 (R)-(+)-pulegone, the major monoterpene component of the abortifacient mint oil, pennyroyal oil, is metabolized by hepatic microsomal monooxygenases of the mouse to a hepatotoxin. The formation of a toxic metabolite is apparently mediated by cytochromes P-450 of the phenobarbital class inasmuch as phenobarbital pretreatment of mice increases, whereas β-naphthoflavone pretreatment decreases the extent of hepatic necrosis caused by pulegone. Furthermore, two inhibitors of cytochromes P-450, cobaltous chloride and piperonyl butoxide, block toxicity. An analog of (R)-(+)-pulegone that was labeled with deuterium in the allylic methyl groups was found to be significantly less hepatotoxic than the parent compound. The results indicate that oxidation of an allylic methyl group is required for generation of a hepatotoxic metabolite. Menthofuran was identified as a proximate toxic metabolite of (R)-(+)-pulegone, and investigations with (R)-(+)-pulegone-d6 and 18O2 strongly indicate that menthofuran is formed by a sequence of reactions that involve: (1) oxidation of an allylic methyl group, (2) intramolecular cyclization to form a hemiketal, and (3) dehydration to form the furan.
The antibacterial and aroma finishing of cotton fabrics by mentha pipertia extract
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Subrata Das, Arunava Das, R. Thamarai Selvan, S. Ananda Raj, Bindhu J
Peppermint yields 0.1–1% of volatile oil (Leung, 1980) composed primarily of menthol (29–48%), menthone (20–1%), menthofuran (6.8%) and menthyl acetate (3–10%) (Harbone, 1998). Other pharmacologically active ingredients include bitter substances, caffeic acid, flavonoids (12%), polymerized polyphenols (19%), carotenes, tocopherols, betaine, choline and tannins (Karuza et al., 1996; Shimada et al., 1992; Sokovic et al., 2009). Measured low to moderate levels of phenolics with antioxidant activity were reported from pepper mint (Zheng & Wang, 2001; Arnao et al. 2001; Duh & Yen, 1997). The chemistry of peppermint oil is very complex and highly variable. The relative concentrations vary depending on climate, cultivar, and geographic location (Hoffmann & Lunder, 1984; Lis-Balchin et al., 1997; Maffei & Sacco, 1987).