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Agriculture sector modernization and renewable energy development
Published in Jochen Bundschuh, Guangnan Chen, D. Chandrasekharam, Janusz Piechocki, Geothermal, Wind and Solar Energy Applications in Agriculture and Aquaculture, 2017
In the early 2000s, the GEF/UNDP developed a project entitled “Economic and Cost-Effective Use of Wood Waste for Municipal Heating Systems”. The GEF invested US$ 0.75 million and mobilized US$ 2.73 million as co-financing for the project. The objectives of the project were to (i) promote the use of wood waste by removing barriers to the replacement of imported heavy fuel oil (mazut) with local sustainably-produced wood waste in municipal heating systems; (ii) promote the development and implementation of an economical commercially-run municipal heating system, providing generation, transmission, and distribution in the municipality of Ludza; and (iii) help remove or reduce technical, legislative, institutional, organizational, economic, information-related, and financial barriers pertinent to the replication of a pilot project in the municipality.
Mixed Wastes
Published in James H. Saling, Audeen W. Fentiman, Radioactive Waste Management, 2018
James H. Saling, Audeen W. Fentiman
This system is available from Specialty Chemical Consultants, Inc., located in New Berlin, Wisconsin (information available from http://www.techknow.org). The treatment system utilizes combustion catalyst additives for heavy/mazut or bunker C oil-fired utilities for reduction of unburned carbon particulates, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. It improves the thermal and heat transfer efficiency of boiler operation and saves on fuel consumption. It also reduces sulfur corrosion and low-temperature corrosion in the system. This technology reduces ash load factors to 60% of that achieved by magnesium hydroxide/oxide slurry-based products currently used by utilities.
History of the Industrial Briquetting in Ferrous Metallurgy
Published in Aitber Bizhanov, Briquetting in Metallurgy, 2022
On the charge with ore briquettes, silicomanganese was smelted in a three-phase open ferroalloy furnace with a capacity of 16.5 MVA. The furnace worked normally and stably, the gas permeability of the charge was good, the flame was distributed evenly throughout the furnace. After 112 hours of experimental melting, it was concluded that sufficiently strong briquettes can be obtained from manganese ore of this size suitable for use in the charge of ferroalloy furnaces. When working on ore briquettes, the furnace productivity increases, the power consumption is reduced, the reducing agent consumption is also lowered. In 1970, at the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute, parameters of the smelting of marketable silicomanganese on a briquetted charge of a mixture of manganese oxide concentrates I and II of the Nikopol grade at 1:1 and on sinter made from the same mixture were investigated [33]. For briquetting, the mixture of concentrates of a fraction of 10–0 mm was ground to a size of 3–0 mm. Briquettes were made on a semi-industrial roller press at a pressure of 500 kg/cm2, the binder was a mixture of bitumen, fuel oil and SAB in an amount of 10% by weight of the charge. The mixture was mixed in tanks with steam heated (to activate the polymerization of the SAB). Briquettes of two compositions were prepared and melted: with an excess of the reducing agent (coal) in the amount of 50%, introduced to create a skeleton in the briquette and increase its strength (mixture of concentrates—54.5%, river sand—9.1%, coal—27.3%, a mixture of bitumen and mazut—3.6%, SAB—5.5%), with a stoichiometric amount of reducing agent necessary to reduce silicon and manganese (a mixture of concentrates—60.6%, river sand—10.1%, coal—20.2%, a mixture of bitumen and fuel oil—3.6%, SAB—5.5%). Laboratory tests showed that the physical properties of raw briquettes were superior to those for fired briquettes, as they refused to fire the briquettes.
Electrohydrodynamic drying: The opportunity for sustainable development
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Tadeusz Kudra, Alex Martynenko
The magnitude of GHG emissions was evaluated from experiments on white champignons that were dried from initial moisture content of 11.56 kg/kg to final moisture content of 0.104 kg/kg using EHD-assisted ambient air drying at 20 °C with tangential secondary airflow at 1 m/s. Companion drying experiments were performed in the same apparatus with hot-air convective drying at 40 °C and at the same air velocity of 1 m/s. This air temperature was taken in calculations because it gives the same drying curve as in EHD drying at 20 °C. The potential reduction of CO2 emission has then been calculated based on the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of air from 20 to 40 °C. The following numbers of CO2 reduction per kg of evaporated water have been obtained for typical fossil fuels used in air heaters: 0.074 kg CO2/kg water for natural gas, 0.11 kg CO2/kg water for heavy fuel oil (mazut), and 0.13 kg CO2/kg water for coal (anthracite).
The velocity and viscosity impact on the annular spray atomisation of different fuels
Published in Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2021
Elyas Rostami, Hossein Mahdavy Moghaddam
Heavy fuels combustion is considered as an essential source of particulate, greenhouse gases, SOx and NOx. Gasification is an advancing process and environment friendly approach which engender clean gases for instance hydrogen. Some of the gasifiers use heavy fuel oil (Mazut) so the atomisation of Mazut is crucial in order to determine the gasifier efficiency. The Mazut fuel is a non-Newtonian fluid so the features of Mazut atomisation are investigated in various temperatures.
Investigation of potentially toxic elements in urban sediments in Belgrade, Serbia
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Gordana J. Dević, Mila V. Ilić, Snežana N. Zildzović, Jelena S. Avdalović, Srđan B. Miletić, Sandra S. Bulatović, Miroslav M. Vrvić
Deposition of atmospheric vanadium is also an important source of pollution, both near and far from industrial plants burning residual fuel oils rich in vanadium.[41] The slight increase in the maximum concentration of V compared to baseline level found in some of the studied surface sediments, could be the result of airborne emissions from storage tanks for crude oil and oil products (mainly gasoline, diesel fuel and mazut).