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Principles of Green Chemistry
Published in Sanjay K. Sharma, Hasan Demir, Green Chemistry in Scientific Literature, 2019
The Suzuki cross-coupling reaction has fewer limitations and is environmentally friendly, efficient, and highly useful for the drug industry, compared to Heck reaction, Kumada, Stille, Negishi, and Sonogashiri coupling reactions (Franzén and Xu 2005). The Mannich reaction leads to the production of amino carbonyl compounds, and 1,2-amino alcohol derivatives have been satisfactorily achieved in water (Iwanejko, Wojaczyńska, and Olszewski 2018). Friedel-Crafts alkylation has also another greener process with new approaches that gained the attention of researchers in recent years. The new approach in Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction allows using a low amount of catalyst. Additionally, benzyl-, propargyl- and allyl alcohols, or styrenes are started to be used instead of toxic benzyl halides (Rueping and Nachtsheim 2010). Catalytic nanoreactors provide operation of organic reactions in aqueous medium, reducing environmental risks for obtaining chemical sustainability. De Martino et al., (2018) reviewed E-factors of traditional and nanoreactor catalytic reactions in the pharmaceutical industry as shown in Figure 3.10. E-factors of reactions in the pharmaceutical industry decreased significantly using micellar nanoreactors. The advantages of nanoreactors, which are polymersomes, micelles, dendrimers, and nanogels, can be explained as: Promotion of cascade reactions Generation of hydrophobic materials in aqueous and greener conditions Easy recovery of catalyst (De Martino et al. 2018)
Organic Synthesis
Published in Suresh C. Ameta, Rakshit Ameta, Garima Ameta, Sonochemistry, 2018
Chetna Ameta, Arpit Kumar Pathak, P. B. Punjabi
Mannich reaction involves amino alkylation of acidic proton placed next to a carbonyl functional group by formaldehyde and a primary or secondary amine or ammonia. The final product is a P-amino-carbonyl compound, which is also known as Mannich base. Reactions between aldimines and a-methylene carbonyls are also considered as Mannich reactions because these imines are formed between amines and aldehydes (Mannich and Krosche, 1912).
Name Reactions
Published in Benny K.G. Theng, Clay Mineral Catalysis of Organic Reactions, 2018
The Mannich reaction describes the three-component amino alkylation from amine, formaldehyde, and a compound with an acidic methylene group. The final product, a β-amino-carbonyl compound, is referred to as a Mannich base.
γ-aminobutyric acid and collagen peptides as recyclable bifunctional biocatalysts for the solvent-free one-pot synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazolomethyl-2-naphthols
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2018
Maryam Fardpour, Ali Safari, Shahrzad Javanshir
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most important targets in organic compounds synthesis due to their countless uses in pharmaceutical applications (1,2). Multi-component reactions (MCRs) are effective approaches to obtain various complicated organic compounds including pharmacologically heterocyclic precursors in a single step and one-pot reaction (3–13). Among this variety, the Mannich reaction is an outstanding synthetic method for the synthesis of multifarious biologically active heterocyclic compounds (14–17). A special case of the Mannich reaction is the Betti reaction which was discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century (18). Nowadays, the name has grown to refer to any condensation reactions between aldehydes, primary aromatic amines and phenols which produce Betti base (19). The Betti reaction serves versatile synthetic building blocks with a broad range of application such as essential intermediates for many multistep organic syntheses and preparing a lot of nitrogen-containing pharmacores (20,21).