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Carbohydrates
Published in Antonio Paesano, Handbook of Sustainable Polymers for Additive Manufacturing, 2022
He et al. (2015) investigated sugar as a feedstock to print a type of cutting-edge device, called microfluidic chip or lab-on-a-chip that is utilized to conduct R&D in biology, chemistry, and biomedicine. A microfluidic chip consists in a network of microchannels molded or etched into a material (f.e. ceramics, semiconductors, metals, and polymers), and connected together in order to perform a number of functions (mix, pump, sort, etc.) on a fluid that is exchanged with the outside environment through input and output (Casquillas et al. 2018). AM can be a successful alternative method to photolithography and laser writing to manufacture microfluidic devices, because it meets the requirements of cost and efficiency. The authors utilized AM and sugar as a sacrificial material, and demonstrated fast and effective printing of 2D and 3D microfluidic chips on a low-cost sugar printer that comprised: redesigned sugar extruder, PDMS extruder, 3D motion stage, temperature control device, and pneumatic control device. Candidate sugars were screened in terms of: (a) Tm suited for the printing temperature; (b) stable printing quality and high repeatability; and (c) low-cost fabrication. Maltitol (USD 52/kg) is a sugar-derived alcohol employed as sugar substitute. Maltitol was preferred over glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose (their price is USD 13‒129/kg), because it did not easily oxidize when melt, and possessed appropriate surface tension and high water solubility. The fabrication process was straightforward: (a) maltitol was loaded in the extruder, melt at 150°C, and pushed out by air pressure to form 2D and 3D sugar tracks on a supporting layer; (b) PDMS was poured on the sugar structures and cured in oven for 25 min at 85°C; (c) the printed artifacts were immersed in boiling water for 10 min to dissolve the maltitol tracks, and leave behind PDMS with hollow microchannels. This method did not require further sealing as with conventional methods, which added to the other advantages: low cost and minimal time spent from design to fabrication (1 h or less). About the cost, the printer selected for this study cost about USD 800, and components such as temperature controller, pneumatic control device, electronic accessories and PTFE hoses are commercially available, whereas the sugar extruder was custom made. In comparison, printers fabricating fluidic devices range from about to USD 2,000 (MiiCraft, Germany) to USD 330,000 (Objet Connex 350, Israel, USA).
NMR relaxometry study of gelatin based low-calorie soft candies
Published in Molecular Physics, 2019
Nilgun Efe, Michal Bielejewski, Jadwiga Tritt-Goc, Behic Mert, Mecit Halil Oztop
Maltitol is a non-reducing sugar alcohol and is not commonly found in the nature. Relative sweetness (RS) of maltitol syrup is 75 compared to sucrose (RS = 100) and the caloric value is less (3 cal/g) compared to sucrose [2]. Maltitol can also lower the water activity (aw) of a food product. The products containing maltitol syrup were found to have a longer shelf life (from the microbial activity point of view) than the other sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol or glycerol. This is an advantage of maltitol syrup to be used in confectionary gums and jellies. Furthermore, the gums and jellies, consisting of 73–77% maltitol syrup, were found to have equal sensorial characteristics as the ones that were made by sucrose or glucose [3].
Bio characterization of purified isoamylase from Rhizopus oryzae
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Banita Ghosh, Dibyajit Lahiri, Moupriya Nag, Sudipta Dash, Rina Rani Ray
Isoamylases play an important role in determining the formation of food ingredients from various sources such as trehalose, maltitol, resistant starch and cyclodextrin. Carbohydrate sources like glucose and maltose is widely being used as sweetener in food and pharmaceutical and food industry whereas maltitol is used as non-calorigenic sugar substituent. Isoamylase plays an important role in the mechanism of saccharification that helps in isolating polypeptide having isoamylolytic activity on substances which are amylaceous and having high amount of maltose content thus increases its importance in industry.[6]