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Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
Sodium hydroxide (lye) is found as white pellets or flakes that are odorless. It is a reagent used in the manufacture of methamphetamine. Sodium hydroxide is extremely corrosive. When in contact with metals such as sodium or fire, it can produce explosive hydrogen gas.
Terms and Definitions
Published in Rick Houghton, William Bennett, Emergency Characterization of Unknown Materials, 2020
Rick Houghton, William Bennett
A case study involved approximately 48,000 gallons of sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or lye, that flowed into a creek when 28 Norfolk Southern railroad cars derailed on June 30, 2006, near the town of Gardeau, Pennsylvania (Figure 1.6). The spill damaged a highly productive trout stream and adjacent waterways. As a result of the spill, dead fish were reported up to 35 miles from the original accident site. The damage from the chemical spill was highly concentrated at the spill site and then dissipated through reaction and dilution as it washed downstream. All types of fish, from top-level predators through smaller fish and other aquatic life, were affected by the spill.
Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by pineapple peel extract from various alkali sources
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2022
Arrak Klinbumrung, Rattanaphorn Panya, Apinya Pung-Ngama, Pitak Nasomjai, Jumnong Saowalakmeka, Reungruthai Sirirak
Pineapple (Ananas cosmosus) is the popular fruit that is most widely planted in Thailand. Countless tons of pineapple waste are generated each year, creating disposal problems due to the fruits wide range of applications in the food industry, such as in beverages, jams, purees, and pastes. The present of phytochemicals such as total phenolic and alkaloid content in dried pineapple peel [16], wet pineapple peel [17], and pineapple slice [18] extracts were reported. Subsequently, the pineapple peel extract was used and studied with respect to ZnO NPs synthesis [19,20]. Nevertheless, the resulting green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was not exactly a green method, because sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) pellets or solution were still employed as the alkali source and reducing agent in the reaction. Traditionally, lye is an alkaline liquid obtained by leaching wood ash with water. Lye most commonly refers to metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, which are highly soluble in water to produce basic caustic solutions. The major elements of wood ash are calcium (7–33%), potassium (3–4%), magnesium (1–2%), manganese (0.3–1.3%), phosphorus (0.3–1.4%), and sodium (0.2–0.5%) [21]. Moreover, the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from pineapple peel waste using lye from wood ash has not been reported previously.