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Electricity storage
Published in Sven Ruin, Göran Sidén, Small-Scale Renewable Energy Systems, 2019
Another lithium-ion battery type considered to be one of the safest is the lithium-titanate battery (e.g. Li4Ti5O12), usually abbreviated LTO battery. They are claimed to have an extreme cycle durability (in some cases more than 20,000 cycles), can be charged/discharged very quickly (in the order of 10It, which means six minutes for a full charge) and have good low-temperature performance (down to e.g. –30 °C).
Subzero startup of electrochemical power sources using alternating current
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Zeping Zhang, Jiting Jian, Shixue Wang, Cheng Wang, Jinke Gong, Jianbo Zhang
The required energy is well within the DOE targets. In addition, it is also within the energy capacity of the batteries in MIRAI-II (4.46 MJ) (Yoshizumi et al., 2022). However, the required power for the stack with high thermal mass may not be able to delivered by the battery packs of major fuel cell vehicles, such as Toyota MIRAI-II and Hyundai NEXO. Therefore, batteries with higher power may be needed for the FCEV in the cold regions for the implementation of AHP using the energy of the onboard battery. Lithium titanate oxide (LTO) battery is widely used in low-temperature power supply because of its excellent low-temperature characteristics. When the ambient temperature is −20 ℃ and discharge rate is 15C, the discharge capacity of LTO battery retains 90% of the nominal capacity. When the ambient temperature is −40 ℃ and discharge rate is 1C, the discharge capacity of LTO battery still retain 75% of the nominal capacity (D, Q, and Z 2016). Therefore, lithium titanate battery can be a candidate in the powertrain of FCEV and act as power supply for the implementation of AHP method.
Study on the Corrosion of Iron by Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Extinguishing Agent - Perfluorinated Hexanone
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Wei Liu, Meiling Kong, Fusheng Zhao, Songfeng Yin, Yanhua Sun
Perfluorinated hexanone, perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) (PMP), is used as a new extinguishing agent for LIBs in China as one of the standard extinguishing agents for EVs and ESS (Liu et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2015). The good fire suppression effect of PMP on LIBs and its unique characteristics make it gradually replace extinguishing agents such as heptafluoropropane and dry powder extinguishing agents as the first choice of mainstream EVs bus manufacturers and ESS owners. In addition, researchers have investigated the fire suppression performance of PMP (Liu et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2018; Xu, Jiang, and Ren 2016). Liu et al. studied the effect of PMP on the fire suppression of ternary LIBs and determined the optimal dosage (Liu et al. 2018). Wang et al. investigated the fire suppression performance of lithium titanate batteries using PMP and CO2 (Wang et al. 2018). The experimental results reveal that the lithium titanate battery fire can be suppressed by PMP within 30 s, while CO2 is incapable of fully extinguishing the flame. The fire extinguishing performance of PMP has been extensively studied and recognized. However, many studies have focused on the fire extinguishing performance of PMP, and there is a lack of corresponding attention to the safety of PMP as an extinguishing agent and the potential safety hazards it may bring.