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Toxic and Asphyxiating Hazards in Confined Spaces
Published in Neil McManus, Safety and Health in Confined Spaces, 2018
Solidified carbon dioxide (dry ice) is used extensively for the rapid refrigeration and freezing of food products. Solid carbon dioxide is used as an abrasive for removal of paint. Liquid carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant. Other specialized applications utilize the pressure generated during vaporization of liquid to gas. Gaseous carbon dioxide is used for various purposes: a fire extinguishant, to carbonate beverages, as a shield gas in welding, and as an inerting blanket in process operations. Carbon dioxide is a raw material in the production of some chemical products: urea, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium salicylate.
Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective transesterification of 3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl) propanenitrile in liquid carbon dioxide
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2018
Jiaxin Zhang, Yazhuo Li, Wenwei Qian, Liu Zhang, Fengxi Li, Peng Chen, Lei Wang
Liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) is often used as an environmentally benign reaction medium in chemical reaction for its nontoxicity, non-flammability, low cost, tunable density, high diffusivity and chemically inert (13, 14). Compared with supercritical CO2, liquid CO2 is different in many physical properties, and the advantage of using liquid CO2 is that it can be maintained under relatively modest pressure (e.g. 4.5 MPa at 10°C) that reduces the cost of specialized equipment for high-pressure reaction in supercritical CO2 (over 7.4 Mpa at 31°C) (15). Furthermore, it can be employed at low temperature, which has the potential to enhance the enatioselectivity of enzyme by the low-temperature strategy. Recently, some elegant works have been reported that liquid CO2 could effectively enhance lipase activity and enantioselectivity in lipase-catalyzed transesterifications (16–18). These findings encouraged us to further investigate the application of liquid CO2 in the lipase-catalyzed resolution of racemic pharmaceutical intermediates.
Feasibility study of carbon capture and storage on NLC India Ltd
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2019
K. Karunamurthy, Pranay Singh, Satyam Kumar, S. Kumar
As a substitute for conventional solvents, liquid carbon dioxide is used now in dry cleaning equipment. Liquid carbon dioxide can be used for cooling and refrigeration purposes. Moreover, CO2 is also used to create the inert environment in chemical processes (http://www.uigi.com/carbondioxide.html). Since storage cost, transportation cost and drilling cost are minimised, the Barsingsar Thermal Power Plant stands a chance for retrofitting CCS.