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Processes and Technologies for the Recycling and Recovery of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries
Published in Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Perumal Elumalai, Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries: Trends and Progress in Electric Vehicles, 2020
Zhi Sun, Weiguang Lv, Zhonghang Wang, Xiaohong Zheng, Hongbin Cao, Zhang Yi
The advantages of solvent extraction are the short reaction time, high selectivity and gentle operational conditions. Meanwhile, the operation of solvent extraction has high automation in industrial applications. However, the loss of remaining metal ions in solution is one of the important disadvantages. As Yang et al. [103] reported, about 20% of Li is lost in the solvent extraction process. Meanwhile, the high cost of solvent is also a shortcoming limiting the development of solvent extraction. In the future, more investigations should be focused on researching new cheaper extractants and simplifying the routines.
Phase equilibria: reactive systems
Published in W. John Rankin, Chemical Thermodynamics, 2019
Solvent extraction is a technique used to separate compounds or metal complexes based on their relative solubilities in two immiscible liquids, usually water (a polar compound) and an organic solvent (a non-polar compound). Solvent extraction technology is used on a commercial scale to recover uranium, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, nickel and rare earth elements from solutions obtained by leaching their ores. The metal ion or ion complex in the aqueous solution is mixed with an immiscible organic phase containing an extractant, and the desired component transfers from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. The loaded organic phase is then separated, and the extracted metal is stripped from the organic phase to form a purified, concentrated aqueous solution from which the element can be recovered in a further operation. The stripped organic is recycled back to the extraction step.
New Insights into the Recovery of Strategic and Critical Metals by Solvent Extraction
Published in Bruce A. Moyer, Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: Volume 23, 2019
Jason B. Love, Manuel Miguirditchian, Alexandre Chagnes
The efficiency of solvent extraction plants depends on various factors such as flow rates, concentration, nature of the feed solution, flowsheets, etc. Especially powerful is the ability to implement scrubbing stages to effect higher product purity. The modification of any one of these factors strongly affects the performance of an extraction plant. Nevertheless, sometimes, it may be necessary to modify one of these factors to face up to many problems such as low solvent loading, poor quality product, formation of cruds, precipitates, and emulsions, radiolysis or chemical stresses, etc. [109]. Classical counter-current flowsheets, for example comprising four mixers–settlers in the extraction section and three mixers–settlers in the stripping section, constitute a typical setup implemented in solvent extraction plants for the recovery of metals from ores. Nevertheless, they are not always the best setup when configured in this way, and it is possible to increase the metal production, product purity, and concentration factor.
Optimization of ultrasound- and enzymatic-assisted extractions of polyphenols from dried red onion peels and evaluation of their antioxidant activities
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Karima S. M. Hammad, Tarek Hefzalrahman, Mohamed K. S. Morsi, Nashwa F. S. Morsy, Ekram A. Abd El-Salam
Traditional methods for extraction polyphenols from agri-waste showed considerable drawbacks. For instance, solvent extraction method requires huge amount of solvent and the elimination of solvent from the product is difficult leading to negative impacts on the health and environment.[5,6] Moreover, this method usually requires long processing time and high temperature, which consequently cause degradation of the bioactive components and losing their activity.[7] Thus, there are a grow trend toward using of eco-friendly or green extraction methods.[6,8] As, these methods are usually performed under controlled or low temperature for short processing time which reduce energy consumption and preserve thermo-sensitive molecules.[7,9]
Asphaltene removal from model oil solution by N doped graphene in a fixed bed column
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Seyyed Salar Meshkat, Zeinab Hosseini-Dastgerdi, Fatemeh Pakniya
Several methods have been proposed for separating asphaltenes from crude oil, including solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, membrane filtration, and adsorption. Solvent extraction is expensive and time-consuming due to the excessive use of paraffinic or naphthenic solvents.[15,16] Membrane filtration is inapplicable because asphaltene removal fouls the membrane.[17] However, due to numerous benefits, the adsorption process is a more considerable method to separate asphaltene from crude oil. The economic justification and the uncomplicated process of the sorbent’s regeneration are appreciable features of the adsorption process. Various studies prove that the classical asphaltene removal methods became ineffective.[15–17] Recently, fixed bed column process using novel nano adsorbents has been believed to be an effective technique with probable applications in the oil industry.
Ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction of Heneicos-1-ene from coriander foliage and optimizing yield parameters by response surface methodology
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Siddharth Priyadarshi, Manohar Balaraman, Madeneni Madhava Naidu
Various conventional and unconventional methods are adopted for extraction of these phytonutrients. Microwave energy is most widely used unconventional method for the extraction of soluble materials from different matrices, by using organic solvents. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is shown to be extremely rapid and is characterized by reduced level of energy as well as solvent consumption while offering higher sensitivity, selectivity, and in many cases, increased yields when compared to conventional extraction method or newer ones like supercritical fluid extraction.[3] However, the primary challenge in solvent extraction is the use of organic solvents which get evaporated into the atmosphere and cause adverse effects on human health and environment. The main aim of MAE is to find an efficient and environmentally safe solvent as well as reduction or avoiding the use of toxic organic solvents.[4]