China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Experiments
Published in Péter Tétényi, Polymers and Pyridazines, 2019
Equip a one-necked, round-bottomed flask of 25 cm3 with a Liebig condenser. Suspend 5 g = 7.05 mmol 4,5-dichloro-2-(polystyrylmethyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone 5 in 30 cm3 of anhydrous ethylene glycol (EG) while stirring. Add 23.8 g = 0.14 mol potassium iodide and 2.6 g = 7 mmol HTMAB to it. Stir the reaction mixture for 5 hours at 150°C. After the first hour, add 20 cm3 of toluene to the reaction mixture and carry out water distillation using a Dean-Stark trap. Cool the reaction mixture to room temperature and filter using a G3 glass suction filter. Wash the polymer with 5 cm3 of water, 2 × 5 cm3 of DMF, 5 cm3 of water, 5 cm3 of methanol, 5 cm3 of a methanol:toluene 1:1 mixture, 5 cm3 of methanol, 5 cm3 of a methanol:toluene 1:1 mixture, 2 × 5 cm3 of methanol, and 2 × 5 cm3 of diethyl ether. Dry the polymer in a drying apparatus at 50°C until you receive a constant mass.
Experimental analysis of the recovery and chemical properties of pyrolytic oil derived from medical waste with varying components combined via a systematic combination approach
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Wahyu Meka, Abrar Ridwan, Yulia Fitri, Yommi Dewilda, Rain Agri Mahendra, Tri Nur Rezeki, Laras Sita Widara, Munawir Hamzah, Azzalya Putri Athala
In each run, the raw materials whether they are an individual medical waste component or a mixture of several medical waste components were pyrolyzed with a laboratory-scale pyrolysis system (Figure 1). The raw materials were put in a 1000 ml three-necked round-bottom flask and mixed thoroughly to ensure homogeneity when more than one medical waste component was used before operating the pyrolysis system. The three-necked round-bottom flask was put in a heating mantle (1000 ml Electrothermal EM Series) set at approximately 400°C and supplied with N2 gas at 0.5 l min−1. The pyrolysis was conducted for 1–2 h for each run. The vapor released from the pyrolyzed raw materials flowed through a Liebig condenser to allow the formation of condensed pyrolytic oil collected in a 500 ml two-necked round-bottom flask put in an ice basket. The uncondensed gas was discharged from the 500 ml two-necked round-bottom flask.
Co-pyrolysis of food waste with coconut fiber: thermogravimetric analyzes and hydrogen yield optimization
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Jufei Wang, Chao Li, Samuel Mbugua Nyambura, Jialiang Xu, Hua Li, Chunlei Geng, Xuhui Li, Xuebin Feng, Xueru Zhu
Figure 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of the experimental system. A continuous flow pyrolysis reactor (co-designed by the Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Nanjing Jinhaifeng Microwave Technology Co., Ltd.) was created to perform the co-pyrolysis of FW and CF. The experimental system can be supplied with variable power, ranging from 1 to 3 kW. The pyrolysis experimental setup included a quartz cup reactor (volume 2 l). A Programmable logic controller (PLC) was selected as the main controller and a type K thermocouple was used to measure the temperature at the center point of the reaction chamber (Li et al. 2016), and to store temperature data in a computer (PC) in real time. Furthermore, the flow of N2 gas was regulated by a mass flow controller (model: 3660 series; KOFLOC, Kyoto, Japan). Three microwave generators (model: Samsung OM75P–31, Korea) were installed on the rear, left, and right walls of the pyrolysis reactor; a laboratory-scale condenser configuration was used in the experimental system to recover vapors from the pyrolysis process, which consisted of a Liebig condenser, a Vigreux column, a series of round-bottom collection bottles, a pump, and gas collection bags for the liquid and hydrogen-rich syngas, respectively.
Fabrication of novel eco-friendly hybrid biocomposites based on carboxymethyl chitosan /polypropylene glycol @ activated carbon for the efficient removal of Cr (III) from the aquatic medium
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Eslam A. Mohamed, Amal A. Altalhi, Nabel A. Negm
Carboxymethyl chitosan was prepared according to the reported methodology (He et al. 2021). In a typical method, CHI (7.5 g), and sodium hydroxide (10.13 g) were suspended in a suitable amount of 2-propyl alcohol (225 mL) (A) in a 500-mL two necked flask connected to a Liebig condenser, and the medium was mixed at room temperature (25°C) for 2 h. An alcoholic solution of chloroacetic acid (7.5 g) in 50 mL of 2-propyl alcohol (B) was prepared. Solution (B) was added portion-wise using a dropping funnel for 1 h onto solution (A), and the temperature was raised to 60°C for 3 h. the reaction mixture was then filtered, and the precipitate was recrystallized using a water/methyl alcohol mixture (25%/75% vol.), and products are finally dried overnight at 70°C under vacuum (0.1 atm.) to obtain the carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCN) (Scheme 1).