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Cardiovascular Disease and Oxidative Stress
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Marco Fernandes, Alisha Patel, Holger Husi
Hyperuricemia can be secondary to either an exaggerated production of UA that follows high cellular turnover conditions or, most frequently, to a low renal excretion in patients with impaired renal function. Recent data suggest that serum UA (SUA) at high-normal level is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease, often being a predictor of incident events. Preliminary data suggest that the reduction of SUA level in subjects with normal-high SUA could prevent at least a part of target-organ damage related to high SUA, especially when xanthine oxidase is selectively inhibited (Borghi et al., 2014; Maia et al., 2015; Schuchardt et al., 2017). Inhibition of uric acid reduces cardiovascular events in the clinical setting (Schuchardt et al., 2017), but it is not well-established if uric acid is a marker of poor prognosis in acute and chronic heart failure (HF) by itself or is an active participant in the disease pathogenesis (Kaufman and Guglin, 2013). Hypoxia-induced of liver cancer cells (HepG2) and primary mammary epithelial cell (HMECs) lines, under the presence of XO/XD (xanthine dehydrogenase) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) lead to derivative of superoxide species such as NO production (Maia et al., 2015).
Clinical Perspective on Dual Energy Computed Tomography
Published in Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis, Krzysztof Iniewski, Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 2020
Charis McNabney, Shamir Rai, Darra T. Murphy
Furthermore, a study by Choi et al. (2009) demonstrated that DECT was four times more effective at identifying rate deposits than clinical examination. Gout, as opposed to hyperuricemia is linked to a higher risk of death from all causes as well as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and joint destruction (Kuo et al. 2009). Rising rates of the sequelae from gout are prompting the need for an expeditious and accurate diagnosis of gout. DECT has emerged as leading technology, capable of meeting increased demand (Mallinson et al. 2016).
Characterization of the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, enzyme inhibition, and anticancer properties of Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow)
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2022
Nagihan Karaaslan Ayhan, Merve Goksin Karaaslan Tunc, Samir Abbas Ali Noma, Ali Kurucay, Burhan Ates
Excess uric acid production may cause hyperuricemia which causes gout.[19] High levels of XO can cause oxidative stress, mutagenesis, and perhaps cancer. Hence, the inhibition of XO reduces oxidative stress immediately after inflammation. Also, the inhibition of XO may be used for cancer therapy.[20] Allopurinol, a prototypical potent XO inhibitor with a purine moiety, has been the cornerstone of gout and hyperuricemia-related disorders for decades and has mild side effects such as gastrointestinal distress, hypersensitivity reactions, and renal toxicity.[21] In order to control hyperuricemia in gout patients, it is necessary to find a new non-purine XO inhibitor that is more potent than allopurinol and is selective.[22] Novel non-purine alternatives to allopurinol have been investigated with potent XO inhibitory activity and fewer side effects.[23]
Association between ambient air pollution and hyperuricemia in traffic police officers in China: a cohort study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Yong-Xiang Tang, Michael S. Bloom, Zhengmin (Min) Qian, Echu Liu, Daire R. Jansson, Michael G. Vaughn, Hua-Liang Lin, Lv-Wu Xiao, Chuan-Wei Duan, Lie Yang, Xiao-Yun Xu, Yan-Ru Li, Ling Zhu, Guang-Hui Dong, Yi-Min Liu
Hyperuricemia, usually defined as serum uric acid above 420 μmol/L in males and above 350 μmol/L in females (Ge and Xu 2013; Bardin and Richette 2014; Liu et al. 2015) is a major threat to human health. Hyperuricemia is associated with an elevated incidence of several diseases, including hypertension (Shrivastav et al. 2016), cerebrovascular stroke (Kamei et al. 2017), and chronic kidney disease (Galan et al. 2018). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in China has increased in recent years, alongside improvements in living standards and rapid economic development (Liu et al. 2014, 2015). A study of 36,348 Chinese adults from 2009–2010 (China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease) reported an adjusted hyperuricemia prevalence of 8.4% (95% CI: 8.0–8.8%) – more specifically, 9.9% (95%CI: 9.2–10.6%) in men and 7.0% (95%CI: 6.5–7.5%) in women (Liu et al. 2014). Furthermore, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was found to be greater among urban residents than among rural residents (14.9% vs 6.6%, P< 0.01). According to a recent meta-analysis of 44 Chinese studies published from 2000 to 2014, the pooled prevalences of hyperuricemia and gout were 13.3% (95% CI: 11.9–14.6%) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7–1.5%), respectively (Liu et al. 2015). While hyperuricemia is associated with an unhealthy diet (e.g., high in animal fats and proteins), typical of Western lifestyles, the Japanese Society of Gout, and Nucleic Acid Metabolism suggested that environmental factors, including air pollution, are also likely to play a role in the increasing frequency of hyperuricemia (Yamanaka 2011).