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Hydroprocessing Technologies
Published in Marcio Wagner da Silva, Crude Oil Refining, 2023
Hydroprocessing technologies allow the production of cleaner and better performance derivatives. At the same time, that makes possible the recovery of higher yields of added-value products from bottom barrel streams in the crude oil refining. For this reason, hydroprocessing technologies have become essential to the downstream industry in the last decades as it’s practically impossible to produce marketable crude oil derivatives without at least one hydroprocessing step. To achieve the goal of ensuring maximum added value to the processed crude oil, refiners need an adequate hydroprocessing capacity in this refining hardware, especially those processing heavier crude oil, and one of the main concerns related to the operation of hydroprocessing units is the pressure drop in fixed-bed reactors.
Renewable fuels for aviation
Published in Frank Fichert, Peter Forsyth, Hans-Martin Niemeier, Aviation and Climate Change, 2020
The production of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) fuels is based on hydroprocessing of fats and oils (triacylglycerols; also named triglycerides) of biogenic origin, i.e. from plants or animals. The HEFA conversion process is schematically illustrated in Figure 3.2. In this context, hydroprocessing (a process well established in classical petrochemical industry) is generally understood to include a family of thermochemical processes under hydrogen atmosphere, namely hydrogenation, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization. These processes can occur in parallel, i.e., in a single reactor at the same time. Please note that readily usable jet fuel (conventional or containing synthetic blending components) is far more complex than shown here and contains a wide variety of linear, branched and cyclic hydrocarbons.
Overview of Oil Refining Process Units
Published in Soni O. Oyekan, Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Process, 2018
Hydrocracking is usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves primarily catalytic cracking and hydrogenation of larger hydrocarbons to produce smaller hydrocarbon compounds. In oil refining, the hydrocracking process refers more to the hydroprocessing process that combines hydrotreating and cracking of heavier gas oil–type hydrocarbons with hydrogen as the coreactant over a variety of catalysts to produce light high-value naphtha and distillate hydrocarbons. Hydrocrackers and coking units are becoming the favored process units in oil refinery revamps, as shown by the operating data in Table 3.15. For the United States, hydrocracker capacity increased by 75% from 1.2 MMBPD in 1995 to 2.1 MMBPD by 2015. Hydrocrackers are versatile, as they can process a wide variety of feeds such as atmospheric and vacuum gas oils, coker gas oils, deasphalted oils, thermally cracked oils, visbreaker gas oils, shale oils, and blends of the oils listed and produce high yields of diesel.(66) Vacuum gas oils and other feedstocks processed in hydrocracking units vary widely, and the extent of variation is dependent on crude oils, as shown in Table 3.17.(64)
A review on the production and physicochemical properties of renewable diesel and its comparison with biodiesel
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Rashi Koul, Naveen Kumar, R.C Singh
Hydroprocessing involves a large group of chemical reactions like hydro-de-sulfurization, hydro-denitrogenation, hydrocracking, etc. It is shown in Figure 3 that wet biomass and solid biomass undergoing the process of pyrolysis and gasification, respectively, and further undergoing catalytic hydroprocessing produces by-products such as naptha, kerosene, gasoline, and diesel. The catalytic hydroprocessing also helps pyrolysis oilproduced from pyrolysis process and wax produced from Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process to convert into paraffinic fuel. In the near future this technology will advance further(Kiatkittipong et al. 2013a; Pidol et al. 2012).