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Treatment Options for Chemical Sensitivity
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
According to Rabinowitz and White,184 autophagy and starvation occur after 12 hours. All cells have internal nutrient stores for use during starvation. Glycogen and lipid droplets are overtly designed for this purpose. Their contents are accessed primarily through the actions of dedicated enzymes, such as glycogen phosphorylase and hormone-sensitive lipase. Many other cellular components have a dual function as nutrient stores. For example, ribosomes occupy approximately 50% of the dry weight of rapidly growing microbes. In addition to enabling rapid protein synthesis when nutrient conditions are favorable, this provides a store of amino acids for proteome remodeling when conditions turn for the worse. Autophagy has a key role in providing access to such undedicated nutrient stores.
Transesterification of vegetable oils into biodiesel by an immobilized lipase: a review
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Akossi Moya Joëlle Carole, Kouassi Konan Edmond, Abolle Abollé, Kouassi Esaie Kouadio Appiah, Yao Kouassi Benjamin
Due to their low density, lipids are an essential energy source and therefore advantageous for mammals. In humans, as in other vertebrates, lipases are involved in the control of digestion, absorption, and reconstitution of fats. Animal lipases can be classified into three groups. The first group consists of lipases associated with digestion, such as lingual, pharyngeal, gastric, and pancreatic lipases. The second group consists of lipases found in the brain, muscles, arteries, kidneys, spleen, tongue, liver, and adipose tissue. The third group includes lipases produced by the milk-producing glands [68]. Adipose tissue also contains a hormone-sensitive lipase that is activated by lipolytic hormones, such as glucagon, via a specific phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mechanism. Gastric, pancreatic, hepatic, and lipoprotein lipases are the most studied [69]. However, access to or availability of these lipases is an issue, so microbial lipases are the most commonly used because of their high availability.
Effects of adding post-workout microcurrent in males cross country athletes
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Fernando Naclerio, Diego Moreno-Perez, Marcos Seijo, Bettina Karsten, Mar Larrosa, Jose Ánge L. García-Merino, Jack Thirkell, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala
The significant decrease of lower body fat observed in MIC is, furthermore, worth noting. As all participants wore the device placed on the dominant lower leg, we cannot disregard a potential local lipolytic effect of microcurrent to maximise fat mobilisation. Even though the manufacturer highlighted that the used microcurrent technology transmits a ubiquitous electrical current, the observed results suggest a stronger local lipolytic effect. Indeed, regional electrolipolysis stimulation using microcurrent transmitted by transcutaneous electrodes placed in the abdominal region enhanced local lipolysis, accentuates the reduction of subcutaneous abdominal fat in females exposed to a 30-min endurance exercise protocol (Noites et al., 2015). Moreover, it has been proposed that microcurrent extends lipolysis by a further stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors which in turn produce higher levels of cAMP (Lee et al., 2010). Therefore a greater lipolysis activation through the protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase is produced (Ahmadian, Wang, & Sul, 2010).
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and computational study of Ru(II)/DMSO complexes with monocoordinated carbazate ligands
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Luana M. Sousa, Diesley M. S. Araújo, Katia M. Oliveira, Letícia P. De Oliveira, Pedro I. S. Maia, Victor M. Deflon, Alzir A. Batista, Antônio E. H. Machado, Wendell Guerra, Gustavo Von Poelhsitz
Carbazates (R–O–C = O–NH–NH2) are hydrazide derivatives showing monodentate or bidentate coordination modes depending on the metallic center involved. Their biological properties are still few explored but carbazates derived from N-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and N-aminomorpholine are potent inhibitors of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), that is a neutral lipase acting as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, cholesteryl esters and retinyl esters in the human body [20]. Some cancers, especially pancreatic and breast, are associated with a complex syndrome leading to muscle loss named cachexia [21]. It has been proposed that increased levels of HSL are related to cachexia, in this context, pharmacological inhibitors of HSL have been proposed for the treatment of cancer-associated cachexia [22]. The bioinorganic chemistry of complexes containing carbazates has been explored by some researchers. For example, cis and trans-complexes of Pt(II) and Pd(II), respectively, coordinated to 4-methoxybenzylcarbazate (4-mc), benzyl carbazate (bc), ethyl carbazate (ec) and tert-butylcarbazate (tc) showed in vitro anticancer activity against K562 cell line [23, 24]. Also, Govindarajan and collaborators related a series of octahedral complexes of formula [M(NCS)(L)], in which M = Co(II) and Ni(II), NCS = thiocyanate and L = benzyl 2-(alkan-2-ylidene)carbazate. These complexes showed the ability of binding to CT-DNA through a partial intercalation mode and also strongly binding to HSA [25].