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Hazardous materials shipments
Published in E. Scott Dunlap, Motor Carrier Safety, 2020
The safe shipment and transportation of hazardous materials is the fundamental goal of the Department of Transportation’s Hazardous Materials Regulations and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. This is shown in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations by the various peripheral requirements, such as the maintenance of a commercial driver’s license to ensure that hazardous materials shipments are carried out safely. The DOT’s Hazardous Materials Regulations focus on specific requirements for the actual shipment being made. It is unfortunate that these regulations have a reputation for being complex and sometimes difficult to navigate, but the reputation is well deserved, as you will see in this chapter. The complexity of the regulations is due to the nature of the subject matter, as well as the manner in which the Department of Transportation chose to present the regulations in written form. The Hazardous Materials Regulations are layered with exceptions and cross-references. Fortunately, there has been some movement toward simplifying these regulations.
Your EMS Manual and P2 Plan
Published in Thomas E. Welch, Moving Beyond Environmental Compliance, 2018
Goals are the specific areas where senior leadership wants you to place your efforts subordinate to the KFAs. Separate goals should be set for both your reduction as well as your improvement efforts. ISO 14000 refers to this section as “objectives,” while typical TQM or management material refers to these as goals. Whatever you decide to call them, it’s important to note that they are relatively specific descriptions of activities you or your senior leadership would like to achieve. Typically, goals are stated as phrases such as: Promote sound waste management practices.Minimize the use of hazardous materials.Reduce air emissions to the lowest practical level.Improve operational performance through employee training.
Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Engineering Introduction to Sustainability
Published in Vera M. Kolb, Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications, 2017
Engineers should first evaluate the inherent (intrinsic) characteristics of the materials they intend to use. If the materials exhibit hazardous characteristic, this will become a serious drawback of the design. Hazardous materials can cause harm to life and the environment. In addition, their handling, removal, and disposal may be extremely costly and risky, and it would require time, material, special equipment, and energy resources. This is not an economically or environmentally sustainable approach. Instead, a prudent approach would be to search for other materials that are inherently as nonhazardous to life and environment as possible. In addition, designers need to ensure also that all energy inputs and outputs are inherently as nonhazardous as possible. This is especially important for large-scale manufacturing processes.
Multi-depot vehicle routing programming for hazmat transportation with weight variation risk
Published in Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 2023
Hao Hu, Xiang Li, Minghu Ha, Xiaosheng Wang, Changjing Shang, Qiang Shen
Hazardous materials (hazmats) are chemicals with poisonous, radioactive, explosive, corrosive, or other dangerous characteristics. Hazmats are widely used in industry, agriculture or national defence, potentially affecting people's lives adversely. Particularly as an example, in China, the freight traffic of hazmat has increased rapidly in recent years. It is estimated that approximately 1.2 billion tons of hazmat were transported in 2018, and more than 70% of hazmat is transported on roads. Although mechanisms for the monitoring and surveillance of hazmat transportation are being continuously improved, safety remains a serious concern, as major accidents occur frequently. For instance, on 7 August 2017, a major transport explosion accident on the National Road No.205 in Binzhou, Shandong Province, China caused 5 deaths, 11 injuries, and RMB 11 million direct economy loss; and on 15 June 2020, a major transport explosion accident involving an oil tanker on National Road No.15 in Wenling, Zhejiang Province led to 20 deaths and 172 injuries.
Multi-modal and multi-route transportation problem for hazardous materials under uncertainty
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2021
Compared with railway transportation, the transportation cost and transportation risk of road transportation are relatively high. If an accident occurs during the transportation of hazardous materials, it will cause serious harm to people, assets and the environment nearby. Therefore, a multi-modal and multi-route optimization model for the transportation of hazardous materials is proposed based on the lowest transportation risk and transportation cost. According to the characteristics of the proposed model, a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model and a case is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. This study has also added new ideas to the multi-modal and multi-route optimization problem for the transportation of hazardous materials based on previous research. The transportation costs, loading and unloading costs, etc., have been assumed as interval numbers. This makes the model more closely aligned with the actual transportation of hazardous materials and provides a reference for third-party transportation companies to make decisions.
Exact robust solutions for the combined facility location and network design problem in hazardous materials transportation
Published in IISE Transactions, 2020
Hazardous materials (hazmat) are “solids, liquids, or gases that are harmful to people, property, and the environment” (United Nations, 2009). A large amount of hazmat are generated in industrial production and transported over various transportation modes. Trucks are the most popular mode of transporting hazmat (Erkut et al., 2007). For example, in the U.S., more than 2.4 billion tons of hazmat were transported by trucks in 2012 (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2015). Accidents involving hazmat can create catastrophic consequences; hence, the road system is facing pressure due to the constantly increasing amount of hazmat shipments. Managing risk in hazmat transportation is important in any industrial society.