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Evaluation of foamed bitumen efficiency in warm asphalt mixtures recycling
Published in Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Mário Russo, Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, 2015
Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Mário Russo
The glycerolysis is an esterification reaction that can be used for that purpose and by which the fatty acids react with glycerol being converted into mono, di and triglycerides and water (Felizardo et al., 2011; Gole and Gogate, 2014). In order to shift the reaction towards the products it is necessary to remove water from the reaction vessel as it is being generated, and, therefore, the reactional systems should take into account of this issue.
Efficient emulsifying properties of monoglycerides synthesized via simple and green route
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Wan-Qing Liu, Shi-Zhong Yang, Hong-Ze Gang, Bo-Zhong Mu, Jin-Feng Liu
One of major problem of glycerolysis of oil or fat is the poor miscibility of substrates (oil and glycerol) under low temperature, which in turn inhibit mass transfer and thus limit the reaction rate. This could be solved by adding solvent to increase the solubility of oil and glycerol. In current literature reports, adding solvent in process of enzymatic synthesis of MGs had been studied widely under low temperature. Damstrup et al.[15–17] found that in enzymatic synthesis of MGs, small log p (Octanol–water partition coefficient) values was effective in forming a homogenous glycerolysis reaction system for high yield of monoglycerides, and with tert-butanol as reaction medium, up to 70%–80% yield of monoglycerides could be obtained. In order to improve yield of monoglycerides, some elaborated solvents, like ionic liquids were synthesized,[18,19] and tetra-ammonium based ionic liquid was found to be selective for monoglycerides production in enzymatic synthesis of MGs.