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Toxicity of Terpenoids in Human Health
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Ritobrata Goswami, Dijendra Nath Roy
Forskolin is an example of a diterpene produced by the Plectranthus barbatus plant. Forskolin enhances the expression of glucocorticoid receptor levels in murine lymphoma cells (Gruol et al. 1986). In rat endometrial cells, forskolin enhances oestrogen receptor stimulation (Rice et al. 1989). A water-soluble derivative of forskolin, colforsin, is an example of a diterpenoid. Colforsin has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect. When administered after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, colforsin-treated groups demonstrated decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (Hayashida et al. 2001). Increased cAMP levels in the colforsin-treated group correlated inversely with respiratory parameters after surgery (Hayashida et al. 2001). Intravenous administration of colforsin increases heart rate and renal blood flow (Ogata et al. 2004).
Medicinal Plants in Natural Health Care as Phytopharmaceuticals
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Its roots are a natural source of forskolin, the only plant-derived compound presently known to directly stimulate the enzyme adenylate cyclase and subsequently cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It inhibits the platelet activation, release of histamine and other allergic compounds, increases force of contraction of the heart muscle and contributes to the relaxation of the arteries and other smooth muscles called vasodilation. It is very high in demand. Coleus forskohlii is a source of diterpene forskolin, derived as an active alkaloid from the roots. In traditional Ayurvedic systems of medicine, it is used for treating heart diseases, abdominal colic, respiratory disorder, insomnia, convulsions, asthma, bronchitis, intestinal disorders, burning sensation, constipation, epilepsy and angina (Kavitha et al., 2010). The roots are also used in treatment of worms and to alleviate burning in festering boils. When mixed with mustard oil, the root extract is applied to treat eczema and skin infections. The plant is also used for veterinary purposes. Forskolin is reported to be anti-glaucoma, anti-platelet, broncho-spasmolytic, cardio-tonic, hypo-tensive, anti-ageing, and anti-allergic, smooth muscle and arterial relaxant, and anti-asthmatic (Soni and Singhai, 2012). Coleus also aids in weight loss due to its ability to break down stored fat as well as inhibit the synthesis of adipose tissue. Additionally, it increases thyroid hormone production, thereby increasing metabolism. Forskolin is also used as one of the important ingredients in the preparation of medications for preventing greying of hair and restoring them to their natural colour. Though grouped as a medicinal plant, it also contains essential oil in tubers, which has very attractive and delicate odour with a spicy note. Essential oil has potential uses in the food flavouring industry and can be used as an antimicrobial agent. Forskolin is also used for the treatment of eczema, asthma, psoriasis, cardiovascular disorders and hypertension, where the decreased intracellular cAMP level is believed to be a major factor in the development of the disease process (Kanne et al., 2015). It is being developed as a drug for hypertension, glaucoma, asthma, congestive heart failures and certain types of cancers. Forskolin is in great demand in Japan and European countries for its medicinal use and related research purposes (Kavitha et al., 2010).
Modulation of myelin formation by combined high affinity with extracellular matrix structure of electrospun silk fibroin nanoscaffolds
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Sha Liu, Changmei Niu, Ziqi Xu, Yingyu Wang, Yunyun Liang, Ying Zhao, Yahong Zhao, Yumin Yang
The sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion of 1-3 day old Spraguee Dawley (SD) rats were used to cultivate schwann cells, as described previously [12]. Briefly, the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion were digested with 0.125% trypsin and 1% collagenase for 30 min at 37 °C. The cells were cultured with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The next day, 10 mM cytosine arabinoside was added and cultured 48 h to inhibit the growth of fibroblasts. Subsequently, the medium was changed every two days with DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM forskolin and 2 ng/mL heregulin to stimulate cell proliferation. After covering about 90% of the plate, the cells were purified by anti-Thy 1.1 antibody and complement.