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Nanophytopharmaceuticals
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Alka Mukne, Swapna Nair, Misbah Momin
Nanosuspensions of active phytoconstituents have been developed as a novel strategy for improving their bioavailability. Aphidicolin, a tetracyclic diterpenoid, belonging to a class of diterpenes called labdanes, is an antimitotic and antiviral metabolite derived from the mold Cephalosporium aphidicola. Labdanes and their derivatives have been shown to possess in vitro antileishmanial activity in extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in murine macrophages. Bioavailability of aphidicolin is low due to its poor aqueous solubility. Nanosuspension of aphidicolin was prepared by Kayser (2000) using HPH. The in vitro leishmanicidal activity of aphidicolin nanosuspension against promastigotes of L. donovani, L. infantum, L. enriettii, and L. major, and intracellular amastigotes of L. donovani, was found to be 140-fold higher than plain aphidicolin.
A Brief History of Terpenoids
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Milena Campelo Freitas de Lima, Larissa Sousa da Silva, Larissa Silveira Moreira Wiedemann, Valdir F. da Veiga
The labdane skeleton is one of the first diterpenes formed by biosynthesis. The name has its origin in a Mediterranean oil resin called labdanum, exuded from the trunk of the Cistus labdaniferus tree species, the first resin from which this type of diterpene was concentrated (Breitmaier, 2006).
Antigenotoxicity properties of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its chemical marker, the diterpene (−)-copalic acid
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Jacqueline Morais Alves, Luís Fernando Leandro, Juliana Marques Senedese, Pâmela Tinti de Castro, Daiane Eleutério Pereira, Flávia Aparecida Resende, Débora Leite Campos, Jonas Joaquim Mangabeira da Silva, Eliana Aparecida Varanda, Jairo Kenupp Bastos, Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio, Denise Crispim Tavares
There are few apparent studies available regarding CA, and this is the first to investigate its antigenotoxic potential using in vivo and in vitro assays. However, a number of investigators evaluated the protective effects of other diterpenes. Cavin et al. (2001) demonstrated the antigenotoxic properties of the coffee diterpenes, cafestol, and kahweol, against AFB1 genotoxicity in rat and human cells. These coffee diterpenoids also exhibited protective effects against carcinogens present in the human diet in human-derived hepatoma (HepG2) cells (Majer et al. 2005). In both cases, the antigenotoxic effects were attributed to inhibition of activating enzymes (cytochrome P450; sulfotransferase) and to induction of detoxifying enzymes. Nicolella et al. (2014) noted that manool, a labdane-type diterpene like CA, exerted a protective effect against chromosome damage induced by MMS in HepG2 cells, but not V79 cells. The differential effect of manool in V79 and HepG2 cells may be due, at least in part, to its ability to induce drug-metabolizing enzymes that are present to some extent in HepG2 cells (Nicolella et al. 2014).