Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Wind Energy Storage
Published in Thomas Corke, Robert Nelson, Wind Energy Design, 2018
A flow battery is a type of rechargeable battery where recharge‐ability is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids contained within the system and separated by a membrane. Ion exchange (providing flow of electrical current) occurs through the membrane while both liquids circulate in their own respective space. Cell voltage is chemically determined and ranges in practical applications from 1.0 to 2.2 Volts. A schematic of the process is shown in Figure 10.5.
Applications of Flow Battery Energy Storage
Published in Huamin Zhang, Huamin Zhang, Xianfeng Li, Jiujun Zhang, Redox Flow Batteries, 2017
Flow battery chemistry is well suited to storing energy over periods of several hours, so the technology is ideal for balancing variable energy generation from renewable energy resources such as wind for time shifting.
Solar and Wind Power and Their Storage
Published in Roy L. Nersesian, Energy Economics, 2016
A flow battery is a rechargeable battery with three tanks holding electrolyte in different states of charge and two pumps. One tank is associated with fully charged electrolyte and the other with depleted electrolyte to be recharged. A third tank is split into two with a membrane between the cathode and anode permitting electrons to flow and supply electrical power. One side of the membrane is supplied by fully charged electrolyte from one tank, while the other side has depleted electrolyte that is pumped to the recharging tank.136 The advantage of flow batteries is that they can be almost instantly recharged by replacing electrolyte in the electricity generating tank with fully charged electrolyte while reenergizing spent or depleted electrolyte. The fundamental difference between non-flow and flow batteries is that energy is stored in the electrode material in conventional or non-flow batteries and in the electrolyte of flow batteries. These are also known as “redox” batteries, referring to chemical reduction and oxidation reactions to charge and discharge electrical energy in the liquid electrolyte solutions which flow through a battery.137 The energy capacity of a redox flow battery is determined by the amount of liquid electrolyte, and power is determined by the surface area of the electrodes. Various types of flow batteries are associated primarily with different electrolytes, some under development, such as vanadium redox, zinc bromine, iron chromium, hydrogen bromine, zinc chlorine, zinc ferrocyanide, and iron ferrocyanide.138
Flow channel optimisation of iodine zinc flow battery modelling
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2023
Zhiqiang Liu, Jie Wen, Bin Yang
With the continuous development of new energy vehicle technology, new energy vehicle has become one of the most potential and promising industries in the world (Thakur et al. 2023). However, the power battery management problems faced by new energy vehicles are becoming increasingly prominent, seriously affecting battery performance and battery safety (Khaboshan et al. 2023; Panchal et al. 2015, 2023). Lithium-ion batteries are sensitive to temperature and complex electrochemical reactions will occur at different temperatures. A high or low temperature may degrade battery performance or even cause thermal runaway. Therefore, a thermal management system must be introduced to control battery temperature and improve the temperature uniformity of modules (Braga et al. 2023; Li et al. 2022; Talele et al. 2023). The non-flammable electrolyte of a flow battery is mainly composed of water, and the risk of thermal runaway or fire is very low. Therefore, a flow battery has better safety than a lithium battery.
An alternative and hybrid propulsion for merchant ships: current state and perspective
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Maro Jelić, Vedran Mrzljak, Gojmir Radica, Nikola Račić
Flow batteries, like any other electrochemical device, generate a voltage between two electrodes as electrons move through an electrolyte (Gl 2019), Figure 33. In contrast to conventional batteries, where the electrodes comprise metal or carbon, and the electrolyte remains fixed between them; flow battery works by pumping the electrolyte, which is stored in tanks, through the separated electrodes to generate voltage and current. The electrolyte at the anode is called analyte, and the electrolyte at the cathode is called catholyte. The main advantage of flow batteries is that the energy capacity of the battery is limited only to the size of the electrolyte tanks, and theoretically, they can be infinite. In addition, the power capability is also easily increased by adding more cell stacks as the battery’s energy and power are completely configurable. The main disadvantages of such batteries are the low energy density of 20–60 Wh/L and the low specific energy of 20–35 Wh/kg. For this reason, flow batteries are more suitable for land vehicles and stationary plants. In shipping industry, they can be an adequate additional energy source for small ships.
Capacity Fading Model of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Considering Water Molecules Migration
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Rui Xiong, Binyu Xiong, Qingyong Zhang, Shaoyue Shi, Yixin Su, Danhong Zhang
First, the main and side reactions occurring in the battery are discussed in detail. During the operation of the vanadium redox flow battery, electrolyte circulates through the pipes between the stack and tank. Redox reactions take place in the stack. The main reactions are shown as follows.