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Materials
Published in Sumit Sharma, Composite Materials, 2021
Stone wool is a furnace product of molten rock at a temperature of about 1600°C, through which a stream of air or steam is blown. More advanced production techniques are based on spinning molten rock in high-speed spinning heads somewhat like the process used to produce cotton candy. The final product is a mass of fine, intertwined fibers with a typical diameter of 2–6 µm. Mineral wool may contain a binder, often a Ter-polymer, and an oil to reduce dusting. Though not immune to the effects of a sufficiently hot fire, the fire resistance of fiberglass, stone wool, and ceramic fibers makes them common building materials when passive fire protection is required, being used as spray fireproofing, in stud cavities in drywall assemblies, and as packing materials in fire-stops. Other uses are in resin-bonded panels, as filler in compounds for gaskets, in brake pads, in plastics in the automotive industry, as a filtering medium, and as a growth medium in hydroponics.
Fire Design
Published in Paul W. McMullin, Jonathan S. Price, Sarah Simchuk, Special Structural Topics, 2018
“Fireproofing” is a term commonly used to describe insulation used for structural fire protection. This term is actually a misnomer, as applied insulation is only able to slow the heating of a structure, not prevent its heating during a fire. There are various methods to insulate structural elements, as described below.
Survey and Experimental Investigation of Movable Fire Loads in Japanese-Style Wooden Historical Buildings
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2020
Hung-Chi Su, Shu-Fen Tung, Chun-Ta Tzeng, Chi-Ming Lai
In recent years, in Taiwan, several Japanese-style wooden buildings have been destroyed in fire accidents, resulting in irrecoverable heritage loss. To avoid further damage or fire disaster from occurring in historical buildings, performance-based fire safety design is a solution to the inconsistency between building conditions and fire preservation requirements. Both fixed and movable fire loads are important inputs for fire safety design. The main function of building structures is to maintain the structural safety aspects; therefore, it is difficult to arbitrarily change the associated materials, dimensions, or construction methods. Achieving fire protection enhancement for historical buildings via only removing or decreasing the fixed fire load, which is usually related to the building structures, can be problematic. Fireproofing materials and/or active fire protection systems (e.g., water sprinklers and sprays) are usually applied to manage the fixed fire loads.