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Pesticides
Published in José L. Tadeo, Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples, 2019
José L. Tadeo, Beatriz Albero, Rosa Ana Pérez
Fipronil is a blocker of the GABA-regulated chloride channel, toxic by contact or ingestion and able to control insects tolerant to pyrethroid, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides. Spirotetramat is a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor, acting after ingestion or on contact with phloem and xylem mobility, and able to control a variety of sucking insects. Spirodiclofen is also a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor non-systemic insecticide used for control of mite pests. Table 1.20 summarizes the properties of various frequently used insecticides belonging to different chemical classes.
Removal of fipronil by advanced oxidative processes using sulfite activated by cobalt immobilized on silica
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Rayssa Thainá de Paiva Alves, Fábio da Silva Lisboa, Daniele Scheres Firak, Milady Renata Apolinário da Silva, Flávio Soares Silva, Sandro José de Andrade
Fipronil (FIP), an insecticide that was developed in 1987 in the United States to be used in the agricultural sector and domestic use, is extremely harmful to pollinators, invertebrates and some vertebrate animals.[6,7] This compound is used in cotton, peanut, rice, potato, sugarcane, barley, beans, sunflower, corn, soy, sorghum and wheat crops, in addition to pasture use and to control domestic pests such as ants and termites.[8] It is a chiral phenylpyrazole that acts as a noncompetitive blocker of chloride channels linked to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, being active against 250 types of pests, such as beetles, ants, cockroaches, fleas, ticks and termites, in addition to causing feminization or masculinization by altering the levels of hormones in the blood of some animals, such as mammals, reptiles, fish, birds, invertebrates and amphibians, being considered by ANVISA as a highly toxic compound of toxicological class II.[6,7,9]
Effects of exposure to sediment-associated fipronil on cardiac function of Neotropical armored catfish Hypostomus regani
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Lucas Abreu Ferro, Suzana Luisa Alves Fernandes, Ana Lúcia Kalinin, Diana Amaral Monteiro
Fipronil (5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile) is a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide that blocks the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel of insect nervous systems, leading to hyperexcitability and death.[1,2] It is considered highly effective and has been used in several crops, veterinary medicine, and urban pest control.[3,4] Fipronil is classified as an emerging contaminant since it is not commonly monitored but is found in different environmental matrices and has the ability to negatively influence environmental or public health.[1,5,6]
Advance electrochemical oxidation of fipronil contaminated wastewater by graphite anodes and sorbent nano hydroxyapatite
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Ramya Thangamani, Muthukumar Muthusamy, Premkumar Manickam Periyaraman, Amudha Thanarasu, Thiruselvi Devaraj, Anuradha Dhanasekaran, Subramanian Sivanesan
Water treatment technology is increasingly focusing its attention on developing and improving methods of degrading pesticide-contaminated wastewater. As new pesticides arrive on the scene, their applications escalate at the field level every day. Consequently, the pollution levels sky-rocket in the wake of such large-scale pesticide usage, chiefly affecting the waterbodies in the environment. The most popular among the several pesticide compounds available today is fipronil (5-amino-1-(2, 6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)), otherwise termed phenyl pyrazole. It finds use principally as a means of protection of the cash crops and most liberal-leafed plant species (Narahashi et al. 2007). Similar to most pesticides, fipronil is very harmful to the mammalian species and considered a powerful poison to humans (Barbier, Arreola-Mendiza, and Del Razo 2010). Fipronil contains fluoride as the initial constituent pollutant. While fluorosis has been regarded as a disease endemic to tropical climes, this is not fully true. Excessive exposure to fluoride induces susceptibility to fluorosis in all species, causing permanent bone decay and tooth tissue damage, and semi-permanent injury to the brain, liver, thyroid, and kidney (Gazzano et al. 2010). Table 1 shows comparison of electrooxidation process by graphite electrode and other electrode. In light of this knowledge, therefore, much care has been taken during the holocene years to develop practical and economical defluoridation techniques for wastewater treatment. Several oxidation methods have been used to treat pesticide-contaminated wastewater. During the recent years, the electrochemical technique has grabbed more attention than any other, for its higher efficiency when compared with the other methods (Asami et al. 1999; Hachami et al. 2010; Pozzo et al. 2005; Rabaaoui et al. 2013). In this work, hydroxyapatite was applied as a nano sorbent for removal of fluoride from man-made fipronil (pesticide)-rich wastewater. The hydroxyapatite medium is composed of a carbon structure which includes porous hydroxyapatite matrix (crystalline calcium phosphate hydroxide, which liberates ions that can be instantly replaced by fluoride ions). In this paper, we investigate and propose a highly progressive electrochemical oxidation process utilizing the hydroxyapatite as a supporting catalyst to enable the graphite electrode anodes in fipronil removal.