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Significance of Industry 5.0
Published in Pau Loke Show, Kit Wayne Chew, Tau Chuan Ling, The Prospect of Industry 5.0 in Biomanufacturing, 2021
Yoong Kit Leong, Jian Hong Tan, Kit Wayne Chew, Pau Loke Show
Common chemicals, fine chemicals and biopolymers largely revolve around modern human life. They can be found in a vast array of applications from automobiles, medicines, to aerospace and even more. Fine chemicals are important to pharmaceutical drugs and the manufacturing industry because they are largely used to make specialty chemicals which include agrochemicals, paints, polymers and food additives (Straathof, Panke, and Schmid 2002). With the recent global environmental awareness of plastic pollution and climate change, sustainability has become the center of attention. The use of biopolymers, such as bio-based biodegradable plastics has been on the rise (Mohanty, Misra, and Drzal 2002). The use of synthetic biology, evolutionary algorithms and biotechnology will be the highlight of Industry 5.0 for the chemicals industry.
Processes for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Nimish Shah, Ankur H. Dwivedi, Shibu G. Pillai
Fine chemicals are an important class of chemicals that are produced by batch processes or by using biotechnological methods in small amounts for specific purposes. These chemicals may be simple, complex, or high-purity substances. Fine chemicals comprise an extensive range of chemical products that serve many important industries such as agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, flavorings, life sciences, agrochemicals, dyes, etc. Fine chemical industries are diversified and their processes always depend on the nature of the different products and their process synthesis; hence the wastewater composition will vary, and for this reason there is not a common wastewater treatment for all the effluents from these fine chemical industries.
The Petrochemical Industry
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
On the other hand, the term fine chemicals is used in distinction to heavy chemicals, which are produced and handled in large lots and are often in a crude state. Since their inception in the late 1970s, fine chemicals have become an important part of the chemical industry. Fine chemicals are typically single, but often complex pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes and are described by specifications to which the chemical producers must strictly adhere. Fine chemicals are used as starting materials for specialty chemicals, particularly pharmaceutical chemicals, biopharmaceutical chemicals, and agricultural chemicals.
Ketone transfer hydrogenation reactions catalyzed by catalysts based on a phosphinite ligand
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Duygu Elma Karakaş, Khadichakhan Rafikova, Akin Baysal, Nermin Meriç, Alexey Zazybin, Cezmi Kayan, Uğur Işik, Islam Sholpan Saparbaykyzy, Feyyaz Durap, Murat Aydemir
The need for more selective chemical processes producing minimal waste (i.e. green chemistry) has increased continuously due to environmental concerns. Transfer hydrogen reactions are mild methods to reduce ketones and oxidize alcohols. In these reactions, hydrogen is transferred by a catalyst selective for a specific substrate between the substrate and a hydrogen donor or acceptor [1–3]. The reduction of carbon-oxygen double bonds to corresponding alcohols is a key stage in the synthesis of fine chemicals, both in pharmaceutical and agricultural chemistry [4]. Hydrogenation reactions generally involve molecular hydrogen, metal hydride, or transfer hydrogenation [5]. When transfer hydrogenation is compared to molecular hydrogen or hydrides, it has advantages such as more convenient chemical sources of hydrogen, commonly isopropanol or formic acid/formate, low catalyst loading, safe manipulations, and simple equipment [6, 7]. Since transfer hydrogenation of ketones is operationally simpler and reductants are easily available, this reaction has become an alternative way for hydrogenation to obtain alcohols [8].
Dioxido-vanadium(V) complex catalyzed oxidation of alcohols and tandem synthesis of oximes: a simple catalytic protocol for C–N bond formation
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
The oxidation of alcohols to afford carbonyl compounds is a key reaction in synthetic organic chemistry playing a role in industries for synthesis of fine chemicals, natural products, and medicinally important compounds [1–3]. This transformation provides chemical feedstock for pharmaceutical, dye, perfume, and agrochemical industries as well as for fundamental research [4, 5]. Several methodologies are available to effect this conversion, and major progress in the development of catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols, which offers both economically and environmentally friendly benefits [6]. Methodologies often involved the use of precious metal catalysts such as palladium, ruthenium and iridium and use of molecular oxygen at 1 atm [7–9]. However, due to their cost and scarcity, it is important to replace these precious metal catalysts with earth-abundant metals.
Kinetic, thermodynamic parameters and in vitro digestion of tannase from Aspergillus tamarii URM 7115
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2018
Amanda Reges de Sena, Tonny Cley Campos Leite, Talita Camila Evaristo da Silva Nascimento, Anna Carolina da Silva, Catiane S. Souza, Antônio Fernando de Mello Vaz, Keila Aparecida Moreira, Sandra Aparecida de Assis
The enzymatic production is an expanding biotechnology area, where the overall market has moved approximately US$ 4.2 billion in 2014. The projection for 2020 was estimated at US$ 7.2 billion (Freedonia Group, 2016). Even with the high cost of using enzymes, their advantages in different fields are so obvious that a diverse range of industries apply this biocompounds in their processes to produce detergent, food and feed, paper and pulp, fine chemicals, and medication (Adrio and Demain, 2014). These companies are closely followed by the textile industry and by the leather manufacture. However, operating cost reduction through fermentation process optimization is a basic study for the industrial application. The use of different statistical models for the optimization of enzyme production has been successfully employed (Melo et al., 2014; Niladevi et al., 2009; Seth and Chand, 2000). The experimental design is an organized and structured method used to determine the relationship between variables affecting processes.