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Vanadium
Published in Jörg Rinklebe, Vanadium in Soils and Plants, 2023
Sabry M. Shaheen, Ahmed Mosa, Jörg Rinklebe
The “technogenic history” of V started in 1801; since then, V has become indispensable to modern industry during the past two centuries and has been widely used in several high-tech industries (Monakhov et al., 2004). As such, it is involved as a principle component in several sophisticated industries including electronics, space navigation, dyeing and nuclear industries as well as in multiple high-temperatures industrial processes (e.g., steel and iron refining) (Shaheen et al., 2019). A substantial amount of V industrial applications (about 80%) is used as ferrovanadium or as an additive in steel industries. Industrial axles, car gears, armor plates, crankshafts, springs, piston rods and cutting tools are made from V-steel alloys to produce these extremely tough tools (Monakhov et al., 2004). Vanadium is also added with titanium to create innovative alloys with outstanding strength-to-weight ratios, with several applications in aerospace industries (Yee et al., 2021). The quality of these alloys affect the mechanical properties of airplanes (jet engines, axles, crankshafts, high speed air-frames, steel alloys and other critical components) (Zhang et al., 2015). Additionally, V alloys are recognized as an attractive candidate in the structural components of nuclear reactors, given their low-neutron-absorbing properties, high thermal stress factors and radiation resistance (Nagasaka & Muroga, 2020).
Heavy Metals
Published in Abhik Gupta, Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination of Surface and Underground Water, 2020
Vanadium has an atomic number of 23, an atomic weight of 50.942, and a density of 6.11 g cm–3. The major ores of vanadium include patronite or vanadium sulfide, which occurs in Peru, and descloizite or lead-zinc vanadate, found in southern Africa. Vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl], roscoelite [K(V3+, Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2], and carnotite [K2(UO)2(VO4)2·3H2O] are the other important vanadium-containing ores. Of these, carnotite is a radioactive mineral containing uranium. Other sources comprise crude petroleum, flue-gas deposits from oil-fired furnaces, and slags from ferrovanadium. The most important use of vanadium is in making ferrovanadium, which finds use in high-speed steel and tool-grade steel. Vanadium augments tensile strength and improves the rust resistance of steel. Several vanadium compounds including sulfates and tetrachlorides are used as mordant, silicates as catalysts, and dioxides and trioxides in metallurgy. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is used as an industrial catalyst, in photography, textile, and ceramics, while ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) acts as a catalyst, in the photographic and textile industries, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.
A review on green approaches utilizing phytochemicals in the synthesis of vanadium nano particles and their applications
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Smriti Bansal, Ankita Singh, Deepak Poddar, Sanjeeve Thakur, Purnima Jain
The steel industry accounts for about 80% of vanadium usage to create various alloys., as it makes them lighter in weight, anticorrosive, electrically conductive, and thermally insulating metal. Due to corrosive-resistant properties, it is widely used in chemical transportation. Ferrovanadium, an alloy of vanadium metal in which vanadium content varies from 30%- 85%, is used to make automotive parts, pipes, tools, and many more due to its anticorrosive nature and high tensile strength. Vanadium foil is also used for binding the titanium to steel.[41] Moreover, vanadium alloys shows low neutron absorption abilities and possess resistance to high-temperature stress that makes it a good candidate for nuclear reactors.[42]
Vanadium as a critical material: economic geology with emphasis on market and the main deposit types
Published in Applied Earth Science, 2022
George J. Simandl, Suzanne Paradis
Because vanadium belongs to ‘specialty’ and ‘critical’ material categories (Simandl et al. 2021), the ferrovanadium and V205 prices are subject not only to variations reflecting the strength of the global economy, but also to wild fluctuations related to electric power shortages and weather conditions in vanadium producing regions, liquidations of stockpiles by major industrialised countries, shutdowns of individual production facilities, changes in government construction policies, levels of enforcement of environmental regulations, and a variety of other supply risks (Figure 1(b)). The ferrovanadium price fluctuations show the same pattern as V2O5.