Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Production of Vinegar
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
Although acetic acid is the major component of vinegar, the material cannot be produced simply by dissolving acetic acid in water. When alcoholic fermentation occurs and later during acidifications, many other compounds are produced mostly depending on the nature of the material fermented, and some of these find their way into vinegar. Furthermore, reactions also occur between these fermentation products. Ethyl acetate, for example, is formed from the reaction between acetic acid and ethanol. It is these other compounds which give the various vinegars their bouquets or organoleptic properties. The other compounds include non-volatile organic acids such as malic, citric, succinic, and lactic acids, unfermented and unfermentable sugars, oxidized alcohol and acetaldehyde, acetoin, phosphate, chloride, and other ions.
Physical Properties of Agrochemicals
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Properties: Odorless, cream-colored solid or crystals. Melting point: 39.5–41.5°C; bp: 100°C at 0.02 mmHg (decomposes at 105°C); density: 1.133 at 25/15.6°C; Henry’s law constant: 8.26 × 10−9 atm ⋅ m3/mol at 23°C (Fendinger and Glotfelty, 1988); log Koc: 1.63–2.28; log Kow: 2.64, 2.90; solubility in organics: soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate; solubility in water: 242 mg/L at 25°C; vp: 3.10 × 10−5 mmHg at 25°C.
Preparation, Properties, and Bonding Utilization of Pyrolysis Bio-oil
Published in Zhongqi He, Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 2017
An Mao, Zhongqi He, Hui Wan, Qi Li
Commonly used separation methods are solvent extraction and distillation (Garcia-Perez et al., 2007; Effendi et al., 2008; Zilnik and Jazbinsek, 2012). In solvent extraction, the separation of lignin fraction is based on the lignin’s good solubility in organic solvents and poor solubility in water (Chum and Black, 1990). Ethyl acetate is a common organic solvent. The lignin and neutral fractions of bio-oil are soluble in ethyl acetate, while the other components derived from cellulose and hemicellulose are much more soluble in water (Sukhbaatar et al., 2009). As described in a patent (Chum and Kreibich, 1992), by mixing bio-oil and acetate, a fraction with lignin and neutral was obtained. This ethyl acetate-soluble fraction was separated and washed with water and sodium bicarbonate solutions to remove organic acids. A lignin fraction was obtained after the evaporation of ethyl acetate. Dobele et al. (2010) used a simple solvent, water, to extract pyrolytic lignin from bio-oil. The bio-oil was obtained from fast pyrolysis of alder, ash-tree, and aspen mixture in a laboratory scale reactor. When water was added into bio-oil, precipitation occurred. The water-insoluble fraction was separated and dried to obtain pyrolytic lignin fraction. The content of phenolic compounds in this fraction was between 75%-83%. The authors (Dobele et al., 2010) also proposed another procedure to separate monomeric phenol from bio-oil using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as organic solvent (Fig. 2).
Experimental research on ethyl acetate as novel oxygenated fuel in the spark-ignition (SI) engine
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Abdülvahap Çakmak, Murat Kapusuz, Hakan Özcan
Ethyl acetate is commercially produced in abundant quantities and it is utilized as a raw material in many industrial applications such as adhesives, perfumes, varnishes, ink, plasticizers, and coating (Chien et al. 2005; Wu 2004). Ethyl acetate has numerous advantages to become oxygenated fuel for SI engines. It can be blended with gasoline at every desired rate without phase separation (Jenkins et al. 2013). It has a high latent heat of vaporization which could increase charge density and in this manner engine power. It is nontoxic (Dabbagh et al. 2013), environmentally friendly and renewable oxygenated fuel. It also has high auto-ignition temperature which makes it safe for storage and transportation. The main advantage of ethyl acetate as oxygenated fuel is to enhance the octane number of the fuel blends without increasing the Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of the final mixture (Amine et al. 2018; Dabbagh et al. 2013). In addition, its production cost is lower than that of ETBE and MTBE (Dabbagh et al. 2013). These fuel properties of the ethyl acetate indicate that it could be used as an oxygenated additive to gasoline. Therefore, the usability of ethyl acetate as an alternative fuel to existing fuels should be investigated. The aim of the present study is the investigation of the usability of ethyl acetate as renewable oxygenated fuel in the SI engine by experimentally determining its effects on engine performance, exhaust emissions, and fuel economy. The novelty of the presented paper is the first experimental research on ethyl acetate as renewable oxygenated fuel in the SI engine.
δ-antimonene nanosheet as a sensing element for ethyl acetate and butyl acetate – a first-principles study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
V. Nagarajan, Kota Deepika, Baswa Swetha, Korni Manideep Reddy, R. Chandiramouli
Ethyl acetate finds its potential importance in pigments, plasticisers, solvents, adhesives, and sealant chemicals. Ethyl acetate irritates the respiratory passages and eyes above 400 ppm based on OSHA standards. [27] Lahys G. Caetano et al. [28] reported the detection of ethyl acetate by the voltammetric method in ethanol fuel based on a glassy carbon electrode coated with Fe3+/Nafion. Mano Misra et al. [29] detected ethyl acetate biomarker using Co functionalised TiO2 nanotubes. Zeenat Khatoon et al. [30] used Ni and Cu doped SnO2. Moreover, doped SnO2 is highly sensitive from 1 to 20 ppb. Sadia Amee et al. [31] used a thin film electrode with ZnO quantum dots engrafted graphene oxide for the detection of small traces of ethyl acetate. ZnO quantum dots-Graphene oxide thin films are used as the working electrode in chemical nanosensors for ethyl acetate detection.
Pervaporation separation of ethylacetate-ethanol mixtures using zeolite 13X-filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2022
Sebnem Senol, Buket Kaya, Inci Salt, Berk Tirnakci, Yavuz Salt
Ethyl acetate is an important chemical compound in many areas such as adhesives, leather varnishes, inks, fast-drying paints, photo films, transparent paper production, varnishes, pharmaceutical and organic syntheses. It can be produced from ethanol and acetic acid in either continuous or batch processes by the Fischer esterification reaction and the ethanol dehydrogenation method, respectively. Ethanol and ethyl acetate form an azeotropic mixture, that is difficult to separate using conventional methods (Zhang et al. 2017; Alamaria et al. 2019). Pervaporation (PV) method in which the transport mechanism through a non-porous membrane is based on the solution-diffusion model is recognized as an efficient membrane separation process that can be used for the separation of azeotropic systems or the mixtures containing components with similar boiling points (Lipnizki et al. 1999; Baker 2004; Uragami et al. 2010).