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3D-Printed Microfluidic Device with Integrated Biosensors for Biomedical Applications
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Priyanka Prabhakar, Raj Kumar Sen, Neeraj Dwivedi, Raju Khan, Pratima R. Solanki, Satanand Mishra, Avanish Kumar Srivastava, Chetna Dhand
Kadimisetty et al. fabricated a 3D-printed microfluidic array developed using the SLA technique for the detection of the genotoxic potential of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and environmental samples (Kadimisetty et al. 2018) (Figure 6.5(C–E)). Electronic cigarettes are battery-powered devices that vaporize nicotine and were designed as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes, which are extremely harmful to humans.
Volatilization and partitioning of residual electronic cigarette emissions to particulate matter
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2023
Henry J. Colby, Erin F. Katz, Peter F. DeCarlo
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), a cigarette alternative, allow liquid containing nicotine, flavorings, and more (known as e-liquid), to be inhaled as a gas/aerosol mixture (commonly called vape) by using a high temperature filament for vaporization. This nicotine delivery system is thus significantly different from combustion used for CCs, but much like THS, residue from e-cig vape has been found deposited on surfaces and provides a new avenue for human exposure to the chemicals in e-liquids, including nicotine and nicotine derivatives (Goniewicz and Lee 2015; Khachatoorian et al. 2019; Son et al. 2020). Compared to CCs, these devices have fewer indoor use regulations in the United States (ANRF 2022) which raises concern for the accumulation and aging of potentially hazardous residues associated with frequent indoor use. Some surveys have reported on types of indoor spaces and frequency of e-cig use and indicate that nearly 70% of Spanish e-cig users self-report use in restaurants or bars and 32% use in their workplaces (Matilla-Santander et al. 2017) while in the United States over 50% of employees who observed e-cig use around the workplace reported indoor use (Romberg et al. 2021). Although e-cig vape is understood to provide a much simpler chemical matrix than CC smoke, there remain potential health hazards associated with their use. While various studies have sought to characterize direct emissions of e-cigs (Khlystov and Samburova 2016; Klager et al. 2017; Pankow et al. 2017; Behar et al. 2018; Omaiye et al. 2019), this study is concerned with understanding the ultimate fate of e-cig vape and how surface and gas-phase chemistry results in its uptake to aerosols.