China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Eco-design and Modification Study of Bionanoparticles and Life Cycle Assessment
Published in Naveen Dwivedi, Shubha Dwivedi, Bionanotechnology Towards Sustainable Management of Environmental Pollution, 2023
Naveen Dwivedi, Shubha Dwivedi, Deepa Sharma
Nanotechnology advancements are present in almost every field of science, and nanotechnology makes life easier and more convenient in this age. Nanotechnology epitomizes an increasing research area, which includes structures, devices, and systems with innovative properties and functions, due to the organization of their atoms on the 1–100 nm scale. The field became the focus of an emerging public awareness and debate in the early 2000s; and in turn, it was the early period of the production of commercial applications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology contributes to practically every field of science, including, climate change, water remediation, agriculture, physics, chemistry, materials sciences, biology, computer science, and engineering. Today, nanotechnology influences everyday human life. The key benefits are many and miscellaneous, although, because of extensive human exposure to nanoparticles, there is a substantial worry about the potential health and environmental dangers. These worries led to the development of additional scientific disciplines, including nanotoxicology and ecotoxicology.
The Nature, Sources, and Environmental Chemistry of Hazardous Wastes
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Ecotoxicology, the study of how chemicals affect organisms in the environment, is an important part of the risk assessment of hazardous wastes. Eco-epidemiology is a more broadly based area that seeks to evaluate over a relatively long term how the health of a biological community is affected by the physical and chemical nature of the environment with respect to foreign chemical substances in it. A key aspect of the ecotoxicology of hazardous wastes is the determination of the concentration at which chemicals begin to have significant effects on organisms in the environment. The ecotoxicities of products likely to be released to the environment are evaluated starting with a quantitative (QSAR [quantitative structure-activity relationship]) approach (a largely computational exercise) and progressing through acute, chronic, and model ecosystem testing (a tiered effects process) in order to evaluate the likely effects of compounds upon survival, growth, and reproduction of organisms. The expense and complexity of testing increase with higher levels in the tiered approach and later tests may not be required if those earlier in the sequence show that there is unlikely to be a problem. Only the most widely used compounds are subject to expensive chronic toxicity or model ecosystem tests.
The Nature, Sources, and Environmental Chemistry of Hazardous Wastes
Published in Stanley Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2017
Ecotoxicology, the study of how chemicals affect organisms in the environment, is an important part of the risk assessment of hazardous wastes.7Eco-epidemiology is a more broadly based area that seeks to evaluate over a relatively long term how the health of a biological community is affected by the physical and chemical nature of the environment with respect to foreign chemical substances in it. A key aspect of the ecotoxicology of hazardous wastes is the determination of the concentration at which chemicals begin to have significant effects on organisms in the environment. The ecotoxicities of products likely to be released to the environment are evaluated starting with a quantitative (QSAR [quantitative structure-activity relationship]) approach (a largely computational exercise) and progressing through acute, chronic, and model ecosystem testing (a tiered effects process) in order to evaluate the likely effects of compounds upon survival, growth, and reproduction of organisms. The expense and complexity of testing increase with higher levels in the tiered approach and later tests may not be required if those earlier in the sequence show that there is unlikely to be a problem. Only the most widely used compounds are subject to expensive chronic toxicity or model ecosystem tests.
Behavioral Analysis of Folsomia Candida (Collembola) with Herbicide Using Electronic and Computational Instrumentation: Bioassays
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2020
Rodrigo Luiz Ximenes, Adelle Anik Araújo Gomes, Talía Simões Dos Santos Ximenes, Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires
In this context, ecotoxicology uses internationally standardized tests that evaluate the toxicity of substances in the survival and reproduction of organisms. Different groups of organisms have been widely used as bioindicators of environmental quality, allowing the knowledge of the water, soil and sediment contamination levels (Cesar et al. 2013). These biotests are considered an early stage in the analysis of environmental risks (Alves et al. 2013). The choice of a representative indicator of the environment and the effects caused by the contaminants are very important, as sometimes organisms that are not always found in anthropized areas can be used, but in forest areas, for example, which certainly makes understanding difficult contamination/toxicity relationship (Goretti et al. 2018).
Mechanistic ecotoxicology and environmental toxicology
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2018
Ecotoxicology is a multidisciplinary research area in which biologists, chemists, geologists, statisticians, and computer modelers study the toxic effects of environmental agents on biological populations, communities, and ecosystems. Environmental toxicology, a related field, investigates the effects of toxic agents on individual organisms, organs, tissues, cell types, organelles, and biochemical reactions. The Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C (JESH-C) aims to publish outstanding scientific review articles and original research reports presenting important and timely subjects in the fields of ecotoxicology and environmental toxicology.