China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nanoantibiotics
Published in Sourav Bhattacharjee, Principles of Nanomedicine, 2019
SLNs: Solid lipid NPs (SLNs) are discussed in Chapter 4. Various SLNs with encapsulated insoluble antifungal drugs [135, 136] (e.g., clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, and oxiconazole) showed enhanced transdermal permeation and improved storage capacity [137]. An SLN preparation (85 ± 5 nm) of tobramycin demonstrated higher bioavailability, enhanced pulmonary accumulation, and lesser renal entrapment in vivo by overcoming P-gp-based efflux from the gut epithelium. These preparations were also able to deliver the drug by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in the anterior compartment of the eye, further elucidating their potential in the treatment of cerebral infections and Pseudomonal keratitis [138, 139]. In vitro data on SLN (size: 73 ± 2 to 98 ± 44 nm) formulations of ciprofloxacin, suitable for topical delivery in the cases of ocular and dermal infections, showed sustained release over a span of 80 hours [140].
Antimicrobial Activity of Nanotechnological Products
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Drug Delivery Approaches and Nanosystems, 2017
Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes, MÁrcia Ebling De Souza, Rodrigo De Almeida Vaucher, Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
The econazole (ECN; commonly used as nitrate salt) is an imidazole antifungal structurally related to another imidazole derivative, miconazole (Thienpont et al., 1975) and used to treat fungal infections such as tinea pedis and cruris, pityriasis versicolor. Several nano-formulation strategies have been studied for delivering econazole through targeted skin sites (Bachhav et al., 2011; Kumar et al., 2014; Passerini et al., 2009; Sanna et al., 2007; Yordanov, 2012). The first nano-carrier-econazole product for antimycotic therapy (Epi-Pevaryl C1 Lipogel) marketed in 1988 was a liposome preparation produced by Cilag company in Switzerland (Müller et al., 2002; Naeff, 1996).
Porous Inorganic Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
Published in Vladimir Torchilin, Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine, 2020
Elshaimaa Sayed, Yasmine Alyassin, Aliyah Zaman, Ketan Ruparelia, Neenu Singh, Ming-Wei Chang, Zeeshan Ahmad
The dermal therapeutic applications of mesoporous silica can be demonstrated using MCM-41 as a carrier for econazole nitrate. This carrier system has been indicated for use as a topical powder for the treatment of fungal infections. This inclusion complex has improved the dissolution properties of econazole nitrate and consequently enhanced its antifungal therapeutic action when compared to the commercial formulation. Moreover, MCM-41 moisture adsorption capacity plays a role in the treatment of fungal infections. MCM-41 has the ability to reduce moisture existing in skin folds, considered an ideal medium for fungal growth [93].
Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Jane Lima dos Santos
A total of 16 drugs from 5 different classes were examined in antifungal susceptibility test (AFST) using microdilution, EUCAST, CLSI and Etest® method from 1970 to 2022: allylamines (TBF), azoles (clotrimazole [CTZ], econazole [ECZ], FLC, IVZ, ITC, KTZ, MCZ, posaconazole [PSC] and VRC), echinocandins (AFG, CFG and micafungin [MFG]), pyrimidine analogue (5-FC), and polyenes (AMB and NTT). CTZ, NTT, and ECZ do not have MIC values. The therapeutic potential of each class of antifungal drug against Trichoderma are presented in Figure 6A. MFG 0.12 µg/ml (range values = 0.008–2 µg/ml) presented low MIC, whereas 5-FC 131.0 µg/ml (16.0–322.8 µg/ml) displayed the highest MIC. Approximately 56.8% (n = 104) of the isolates were tested against AMB, 51.9% against ITC (n = 95), and 49.2% against VRC (n = 90). 5-FC, FLC 86.94 µg/mL (0.12–256 µg/ml), ITC 19.73 µg/ml (0.03–256 µg/ml), and PSC 13.30 µg/ml (0.03–32 µg/ml) showed high MIC values compared to AMB, whereas the echinocandins, MFG 0.12 µg/ml (0.008–2 µg/ml), AFG 0.76 µg/ml (0.01–32 µg/ml), and CFG 1.04 µg/ml (0.01–32 µg/ml), as well as TBF had low MIC values compared to AMB (Figure 6B). 75% (12/16) of the antifungal drugs tested by AFST against Trichoderma isolates were used to treat at least one patient.