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Toxic Responses of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a chemical used in the production of paint, artificial fibers and drugs. In leather dyes and pesticides, it is used as a solvent. Over 100,000 workers in the United States are exposed to this agent. Men employed in the leather tanning industry and some aircraft repairmen has been reported to have testicular cancer. The testicular cancer is not rare among young adult men in the United States. In fact, the rate of this type of cancer appears to be increasing in the past several decades. Further work is needed to verify these initial findings of the association of DMF with testicular cancer.
Reprotoxic and Endocrine Substances
Published in Małgorzata Pośniak, Emerging Chemical Risks in the Work Environment, 2020
Katarzyna Miranowicz-Dzierżawska
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is mostly used as a solvent in organic synthesis and petrochemistry. It is used in the production of low and high molecular vinyl and acrylic polymers, films, fibers, and coatings, as a solvent for printer inks, glues, and polyurethane varnishes, and in the manufacture of artificial leather. An analysis of the semen of workers employed in an artificial leather factory and exposed to DMF has shown a significant decrease in sperm motility in comparison to samples from non-exposed males. It is suspected that DMF metabolite, N-methylformamide (NMF), is responsible for sperm function disorders, but according to Chang et al. [2004] this conclusion requires further research to confirm it. Based on experimental animal studies, it has been established that N,N-dimethylformamide has embryotoxic and teratogenic properties after inhalation, dermal, and oral exposure [Jankowska and Czerczak 2010].
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Published in Luis Liz-Marzán, Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanometals, 2020
Isabel Pastoriza-Santos, Luis M. Liz-Marzán
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is well-known for its high synthetic value, to a large extent due to its wide liquid temperature range, good chemical and thermal stability (even at its boiling point, 153 °C), high polarity and wide solubility range for both organic and inorganic compounds.[4] This uniquely versatile and powerful chemical has been used as a solvent in a wide variety of synthetic procedures, including: preparation of colloids,[5–7] synthesis of block-copolymers,[8,9] and many types of organic chemistry reactions.[10] The important role played by DMF as a solvent and reaction medium has motivated studies related to its redox activity. For example, the kinetics and mechanism of DMF oxidation have been studied by a number of groups, using oxidants such as osmium(VIII)[11] or nickel (IV)[12] in basic medium, and chromium(VI)[13] and manganese(III),[14] in acidic medium.
The effect of MWCNTs/GNs hybrid addition on the tribological and rheological properties of lubricating engine oil
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Bahaa M. Kamel, Emad El-Kashif, W. Hoziefa, Mohamed S. Shiba, Abou Bakr Elshalakany
In this work, the used nanofluids are the result from hybridization of MWCNTs and GNS with the basic fluid which purchased from Nanotech Research Company. The specifications of experiment nanoparticles are presented in Table 1. The base oil is the commercial type shell helix 15W50, the specification of oil 15W50 is shown in Table 2. In this study, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was selected as a solvent because it’s colorless, low volatility, and high dielectric constant it is frequently used for chemical reactions. DMF was selected as a solvent to ensure the mixing of nanoparticles in the oil to avoid nanoparticles aggregation. Particles’ aggregation lead to scratches on the friction surfaces.[23]