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Urban Sources of Micropollutants: from the Catchment to the Lake
Published in Nathalie Chèvre, Andrew Barry, Florence Bonvin, Neil Graham, Jean-Luc Loizeau, Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer, Luca Rossi, Torsten Vennemann, Micropollutants in Large Lakes, 2018
Jonas Margot, Luca Rossi, D. A. Barry
Plasticizers are added to plastics to improve their flexibility. Phthalates (phthalic acid esters) are common plasticizers, although phthalates are also used as fragrance dispersants in cosmetics, or as additives in epoxy resins, food packaging, building materials, etc. Phthalates are pollutants of concern owing to their disruption of endocrine activity and their association with many human health problems (alteration of reproduction, development and neurodevelopment) (Huang et al., 2012). The most investigated phthalates are di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (majorly used as PVC plasticizer, for instance, in PVC shower curtains), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) (fragrance dispersants) along with di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) (additives in many products). Based on their widespread use, median concentrations of phthalate in raw municipal wastewater are approximately 40 pg l−1 for DEHP, 10 pg l−1 for DEP and 1-2 pg l−1 of DMP, DnBP and BBP (Berge et al., 2013).
Physical Properties of Individual Groundwater Chemicals
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Chemical/Physical. Under alkaline conditions, dimethyl phthalate will initially hydrolyze to methyl hydrogen phthalate and methanol. The monoester will undergo hydrolysis, forming o-phthalic acid and methanol (Wolfe et al., 1980; Kollig, 1993). A second-order rate constant of 6.9 × 10−2/M ⋅ s was reported for the hydrolysis of dimethyl phthalate at 30°C and pH 8. At 18°C, the second-order rate constant was 3.1 × 10−2/M ⋅ s in 1 mM NaOH (Wolfe et al., 1980). Also, hydrolysis half-lives of 3.2 years was reported at pH 7 and at pH 9: 11.6 and 25 days at 30 and 18°C, respectively (Wolfe et al., 1980).
Human exposure to phthalates from house dust in Bangkok, Thailand
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Kamonwan Promtes, Orawan Kaewboonchoo, Toshio Kawai, Kazuhisa Miyashita, Bunyarit Panyapinyopol, Suphaphat Kwonpongsagoon, Shigeki Takemura
Phthalates are used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs) and consumer products, such as building materials, children’s toys, and home furniture. Phthalates have also been used as ingredient of numerous products including floor tile, pipe and wire, personal and home care products, and food packaging.[1–3] The application of phthalates used depends on their molecular weights: low-molecular-weight phthalates (3–6 carbon atoms), such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-pentyl phthalate (DNPP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), are used in solvent, adhesive, wax, ink, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and insecticide while high-molecular-weight phthalates (>6 carbon atoms), such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-cyclo-hexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), are plasticizers in PVC and consumer products.[4,5]
Removal of dimethyl phthalate from water by ozone microbubbles
Published in Environmental Technology, 2017
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is the simplest phthalic acid ester. It was selected as a representative phthalate in this work to investigate its removal from water by using ozone microbubbles. DMP is commonly encountered in the environment because of its high mobility and widespread usage in the aquatic systems [8]. The chemical identifications and physicochemical properties of DMP are given in Table 1.