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Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Isopropyl ether (diisopropyl ether) is highly flammable, with a wide flammable range of 1.4%–21% in air. The boiling point is 156°F (68°C), the flash point is −18°F (−27°C) and the ignition temperature is 830°F (443°C). The vapor density is 3.5, which is heavier than air. In addition to flammability, isopropyl ether is toxic by inhalation and a strong irritant, with a TLV of 250 ppm in air.
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Published in Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov, Handbook of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases, 2020
Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov
The correlation formula for gaseous diisopropyl ether at pressure 0.1 MPa [287] is as follows () λ⋅103=−6.8+5.66⋅10−2 T+7.47⋅10−5 T2
Ionic Liquid as Green Solvents
Published in Satish A. Dake, Ravindra S. Shinde, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 2020
Avinash Kumar Rai, Seema Kothari, Rakshit Ameta, Suresh C. Ameta
ILs are now recognized as solvents for use in lipase-catalyzed reactions; however, there still remains a serious drawback in that the rate of reaction in an IL is slow. Attempts have been made to overcome the problem of slower rate in IL than that in a conventional organic solvent. Abe et al. [83] developed phosphonium ILs for lipase-catalyzed reactions and evaluated their capability for use as solvent for the lipase-catalyzed reactions. It increases the lipase PS-catalyzed transesterification of secondary alcohols on using 2-methoxyethyl(tri-n-butyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([MEBu3P][NTf2]) as solvent. This affords an example of superior reaction rate than that in diisopropyl ether.
An improved correlation for thermophysical properties of binary liquid mixtures
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Gustavo A. Iglesias-Silva, José J. Cano-Gómez, Mariana Ramos-Estrada, Kenneth R. Hall
The mixtures F113 (1) + oxygenated and hydrocarbon solvents (Dohnal et al. 1993) show different behaviors at 298.15 K. For example, the excess molar heat capacity of F113 (1) + dipropyl ether (2) has positive and negative deviations from ideality. Again, Equation (4) could correlate correctly the molar heat capacity, but it did not predict correctly the excess molar heat capacity. Equation (16) correlates and predicts correctly within ± 0.025 and 0.031 J·K−1·mol−1, respectively, as shown in Figure 11. Also, Equation (17) works within ± 0.019 and 0.024 J·K−1·mol−1. Table 1 contains the number of parameters and the values of the objective function. The excess molar heat capacity of F113 (1) + diisopropyl ether (2) shows positive deviations from ideality. As is apparent in Figure 11, the prediction of the excess molar heat capacity from Equation (4) is almost correct except that it misses the maximum and the concavity of the function. The prediction of Equation (17) with only two parameters is better than Equation (16).
New insights into reaction-diffusion kinetic coupling in the esterification of acetic acid with isopropanol over niobium pentoxide
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Aline C. M. Trindade, Heveline Enzweiler, Nina P. G. Salau
The acidity of catalysts was compared by isopropanol decomposition at four different temperatures (150, 180, 210, and 240 °C). This test reaction can be used to characterize the acidity and basicity of catalysts. Two reactions occur during the process: isopropanol dehydration, forming propene at acidic sites and isopropanol dehydrogenation forming acetone at basic or metallic sites. Diisopropyl ether can also be formed as a result of the dehydration of two isopropyl alcohol molecules at acidic sites (Turek, Haber, and Krowiak 2005). The selectivity of the products can characterize the strength of the acidic sites, given by the ratio between the selectivity to propene and the selectivity to diisopropyl ether (Trejo et al. 2012). The reaction module consists of a quartz U-shaped tube reactor, with nitrogen as carrier gas and isopropanol being fed through a HPLC pump. The flow rates of nitrogen and isopropyl alcohol and mass of catalyst were equal to 90 mL/min, 0.1 mL/min, and 20 mg, respectively. Below 150 °C the isopropanol dehydration reaction does not occur, and above 240 °C there is degradation of the reaction products. For this reason, dehydration tests were conducted in the range of 150–240 °C. Decomposition results were analyzed by online Shimadzu gas chromatograph (GC-2014) equipped with HP-PLOT-Q capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 20 μm—Agilent Technologies) and flame ionization detector (FID).
Biodegradation of diisopropyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, and other fuel oxygenates by Mycolicibacterium sp. strain CH28
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2022
Ingrid Zsilinszky, Balázs Fehér, István Kiss, Attila Komóczi, Péter Gyula, Zsolt Szabó
Fuel oxygenates, such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and diisopropyl ether (DIPE) have been increasingly used since the 1970s as octane enhancers to replace lead and induce complete fuel combustion. These chemicals are highly water-soluble with very low sorption capacity to soil particles, so they represent a major threat to aquatic wildlife and potable water supplies. Owing to their stable ether bonds and branched carbon structure they are usually poorly biodegradable in natural ecosystems (White, Russell, and Tidswell 1996; Squillace et al. 1997; Prince 2000) leading to long-term environmental pollutions. Moreover, some of them are classified as animal carcinogens (Hagiwara et al. 2015) or potential human carcinogens (Bogen and Heilman 2015; Romanelli and Evandri 2018), thus remediation of the growing number of polluted sites (Concawe 2012) has grown into an important issue.