Diethyl sulfate – Knowledge and References

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Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons

Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019

The earliest method for conversion of olefin derivatives into alcohols involved their absorption in sulfuric acid to form esters, followed by dilution and hydrolysis, generally with the aid of steam. In the case of ethyl alcohol, the direct catalytic hydration of ethylene can be employed. Ethylene is readily absorbed in 98%–100% sulfuric acid at 75°C–80°C (165°F–175°F), and both ethyl and diethyl sulfate are formed; hydrolysis takes place readily on dilution with water and heating: CH2=CH2+H2O→CH3CH2OH

Cashew nutshell liquid and its derivatives in oil field applications: an update

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Journal Information

Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2021

David Chukwuebuka Ike, Millicent Uzoamaka Ibezim-Ezeani, Onyewuchi Akaranta

Cardanol, the major fraction of commercial cashew nutshell liquid (technical CNSL), differs from phenol only in the meta C15 alkyl substituent, but undergoes all regular reactions of phenols and even more (24). CNSL may be polymerized via the following sequence; additional polymerization at the C15 side chain unsaturation in the presence of cationic initiators such as sulfuric acid or diethyl sulfate (46), or condensation polymerization at aromatic ring using any aldehydic compounds such as the formaldehyde (47). It is also possible for CNSL to be polymerized after chemical modification to bring in peculiar characteristics (48).