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Published in Allan F. M. Barton, and Solubility Parameters, 2018
Shultz and Epstein984 presented information on the interaction parameters of diisopropylketone with styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers at 30°C as a function of styrene volume fraction (Table 237). Reddy, Kashyap, and Kalpagam872 used intrinsic viscosity data for a copolymer of azeotronic composition to evaluate the copolymer-liquid interaction parameters (Table 238). Fukuda, Nagata, and Inagaki373,375 evaluated polymer-liquid and polymer-polymer interaction parameters from viscometric and light-scattering data: for 1-chlorobutane, toluene, 2-butanone, and diethyl malonate, i(jk)χ had values of 0.45, 0.41, 0.47, and 0.46, respectively.
Polymer Properties
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Polymer Mn/g mol-1 Mw/g mol-1 Mh/g mol-1 242000 242000 242000 242000 242000 242000 28000 28000 28000 242000 28000 242000 242000 242000 28000 242000 242000 28000 28000 242000 242000 28000 28000 242000 242000 242000 242000 242000 Solvent 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane 3,4-Dimethylhexane 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane Diphenyl Diphenyl ether Diphenylmethane 3-Ethylpentane 4-Ethylphenol Heptane Hexane 2-Methylbutane 3-Methylbutyl benzyl ether Methylcyclohexane Methylcyclopentane 4-Methylphenol 2-Methyl-1-propanol Nonane Octane 4-Octylphenol 4-Isooctylphenol Pentane 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 2,3,4-Trimethylhexane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Hexane Water Benzene Butanedioic acid dimethyl ester 1-Butanol 2-Butanone Butyl acetate tert-Butyl acetate Butyl stearate 1-Chlorododecane 1-Chlorohexadecane 1-Chlorooctadecane 1-Chlorotetradecane Cyclodecane Cycloheptane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclooctane Cyclopentane transDecahydronaphthalene Decane 1-Decanol Decyl acetate Diethyl ether Diethyl malonate Diethyl oxalate Dimethoxymethane 1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl malonate Dimethyl oxalate Dodecadeuterocyclohexane UCST/K LCST/K 441 465 553 489 513 481
Enolate Anions and Condensation Reactions
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
What is the acidity of the α-hydrogen of a dibasic acid ester such as diethyl malonate?
Mesomorphic properties of cyanobiphenyl dimers with a substituted central malonate unit: overruling effect of fluorination
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2022
Marco André Grunwald, Alexander-Nicholas Egler-Kemmerer, Soeren Magnus Bauch, Max Ebert, Gabriele Bräuning, Anna Zens, Sabine Laschat
The synthetic route of the C2-substituted cyanobiphenyl malonates 2(Cn) and 3(Cn) is shown in Scheme 3. The synthesis started with substitution of diethyl malonate 4 using sodium hydride and either hexyl or nonafluorohexyl iodide (65 and 79%) [31], followed by saponification using aqueous sodium hydroxide providing the respective substituted malonic acid 7 and 8 (96 and 97%). The building block 9(Cn) was synthesised according to earlier works [4,32–34]. In contrast to the previously described synthetic route, the dimers 2(Cn) and 3(Cn) were produced by Fischer esterification of the C2-substituted malonic acids 7 and 8 [4]. This method was intended to save synthetic and purification steps and thus should lead to a more efficient reaction control. The target molecules 2(Cn) and 3(Cn) were then obtained by esterification of the building blocks 9(Cn) and 7 or 8 using methane sulphonic acid in 57–81% or 35–70% yield, respectively, after column chromatography. In contrast to previous work [4], a ternary solvent mixture (hexanes/CH2Cl2/EtOAc = 60: 30: 1) instead of a binary one was used for chromatographic purification, resulting in an improved separation.