China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy: Role of Milk Components
Published in Lohith Kumar Dasarahally-Huligowda, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science, 2019
Most of the polyphenols specifically low molecular weight compounds undergo passive absorption at small intestine, which was evident from Caco-2 based cell trials.45 RSV showed rapid passive direct-independent diffusion mechanism.44 Murota et al.83 correlated the lipophilicity and enterocyte permeability based on Caco-2 cell trials and emphasized the following sequence: genistin—daidzin < daidzein < genistein < flavonoid aglycones and they concluded that higher lipophilicity facilitates epithelial uptake. Cellular uptake of polyphenols is also considerably influenced by their degree of polymerization. The absorption of the dimers of procyanidins (< 1%) was much lower than that of monomers such as epicatechin (~45%).1 Polymeric procyanidins, theaflavin, thearubigins, and tannins were not detected in vivo.118 Sodium–glucose transport proteins were suggested to be active in the transport of glycoside polyphenols, especially the sodium glucose-linked transporter 1.140 However, there is still some controversy about the role of polyphenol uptake, as not all studies with flavonoid glycosides could confirm its participation.
Biotransformations in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Published in Pedro Lozano, Sustainable Catalysis in Ionic Liquids, 2018
Vicente Gotor-Fernández, Caroline Emilie Paul
The use of DESs for flavonoid chemistry is particularly appealing due to the low solubility of this class of organic compounds in traditional solvents. Between the different synthetic possibilities, enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates has attracted recent attention, based on the compatibility of glycosidases and DESs. This is the case of the hydrolysis of daidzin to prepare daidzein, both from the isoflavone class and present in plants (Figure 7.18). After exhaustive optimization of reaction parameters (temperature, reaction time, and water content), the best conversion (97.5%) was found for the ChCl:EG (1:2) from 16 tested DESs mixtures (Cheng and Zhang 2017). Interestingly, the almond β-D-glucosidase was reused for six times, decreasing the conversion down to 50%. In a similar manner, 6-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-β-D-glucosidase was employed for the hydrolysis of hesperidin to produce hesperitin, obtaining rutinose as by-product (Weiz et al. 2016). Three ChCl-based solvents were used containing U, Gly, and EG as hydrogen bond donor, which interestingly dissolved up to 90 mM of hesperidin. However, high contents of DESs led to the complete deactivation of the enzyme.
Development of an SVR model for microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of isoflavonoids from Radix Puerariae
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2021
Yuefei Zhang, Lei Han, Lian Zou, Mei Zhang, Ruan Chi
Radix Puerariae, also called Kudzu, is a leguminous plant native to East Asia, widely distributed worldwide, mainly in temperate regions. Modern chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that contain a variety of useful isoflavonoids, including daidzein, daidzin, puerarin, formononetin, and their derivatives (Kayano et al. 2012; Li et al. 2003), thereinto, puerarin is the most abundant component. It has been reported that these compounds have anti-inflammatory, anti-ischemia, antihypertensive, anti-apoptosis, anti-mutagenicity, and antitumor activity in pharmacological and clinical studies (Ng et al. 2011). Clinical studies suggest that puerarin injection as a vasodilator is effective for the treatment of angina and myocardial infarction (Zhang et al. 2013). A recent study found that puerarin could induce neuronal generation and synaptic formation in cultured hippocampal neurons, thereby improving memory function (Bhuiyan et al. 2017). In addition, Kudzu has recently become a common dietary supplement for women’s health in some western countries, because it is a particularly rich source of isoflavone glucosides. Nowadays, Radix Puerariae has attracted many scientists for its wide applications.
Solid-liquid extraction of daidzein and genistein from soybean: Kinetic modeling of influential factors
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Guanjun Nan, Yuqiong Gao, Liying Guo, Xianxin Meng, Guangde Yang
Soy isoflavones are a group of compounds present in soybean and the primary isoflavones found in soy are genistein, daidzein, glycitein, genistin, daidzin, and glycitin,[6,7] among which, daidzein and genistein are the most abundant unconjugated isoflavone aglucones.[8] Daidzein (Dai) and genistein (Gen) are second metabolites in soybeans and exhibit many biological activities. It has been reported in recent researches about Dai and Gen’s antioxidant effect,[9] inhibition of cancer,[10] anti-inflammation function,[11] prevention of diabetic,[12] treatment of cardiovascular disease,[13,14] improvement of bone density,[15,16] and repairment of DNA.[17] Due to these positive effects, Dai and Gen have been used in many dietary supplements.