China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Toxicological Chemistry of Chemical Substances
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Ethanol is usually ingested through the gastrointestinal tract but can be absorbed as vapor by the alveoli of the lungs. Ethanol is oxidized metabolically more rapidly than methanol, first to acetaldehyde (discussed later in this section) and then to CO2. Ethanol has numerous acute effects resulting from central nervous system depression. These range from decreased inhibitions and slowed reaction times at 0.05% blood ethanol, through intoxication, stupor, and—at more than 0.5% blood ethanol—death. Ethanol also has a number of chronic effects, of which the addictive condition of alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver are the most prominent.
Fitness to Fly
Published in Harry W. Orlady, Linda M. Orlady, John K. Lauber, Human Factors in Multi-Crew Flight Operations, 2017
Harry W. Orlady, Linda M. Orlady, John K. Lauber
It is now generally recognized that alcoholism is a treatable disease. The first signs usually appear to personal friends or working colleagues. Both are reluctant to identify the problem because in many cases the individuals seem to be reasonably ‘sober citizens’, and have responsible jobs as doctors, managers, pilots, and the like. A diagnosis of alcoholism can have very serious social and professional consequences, in spite of the fact that it is recognized as a treatable disease.
Toxicological Chemistry of Chemical Substances
Published in Stanley Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2017
Ethanol is usually ingested through the gastrointestinal tract but can be absorbed as vapor by the alveoli of the lungs. Ethanol is oxidized metabolically more rapidly than methanol, first to acetaldehyde (discussed later in this section) and then to CO2. Ethanol has numerous acute effects resulting from central nervous system depression. These range from decreased inhibitions and slowed reaction times at 0.05% blood ethanol, through intoxication, stupor, and—at more than 0.5% blood ethanol—death. Ethanol also has a number of chronic effects, of which the addictive condition of alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver are the most prominent.
Correlation and Relief Attribute Rank-based Feature Selection Methods for Detection of Alcoholic Disorder Using Electroencephalogram Signals
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Nandini Kumari, Shamama Anwar, Vandana Bhattacharjee
Alcoholism, also known as Alcohol Disorder (AD) causes behavioural and physiological disorders that develop after prolonged alcohol use. The primary symptoms of AD include violent behaviour, mental health issues, difficulty in restricting alcohol use and prolonged usage may lead to more severe diseases like cancer and stroke. As in a report published by WHO, AD-related causes contributed a total of 5.3% of all deaths in 2016, which in numbers amount to a whopping 3 million deaths [9]. EEG signals have been used to obtain the internal brain’s electrical activity which if inferred properly may lead to accurate clinical diagnosis. A significant amount of research has been performed to study the implication of alcohol on EEG signals which can be used for clinical assessment and diagnosis. These reports have exhibited strong clinical relation between alcohol use and EEG signals [10].
Alcoholism detection based on Hu moment invariants of event-related potentials
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2019
Addiction-based diseases are an important concern in our society. Alcoholism, also called alcohol dependence (AD), is an addictive disease that is defined as a behavioral cluster, with emotional, physiological and cognitive phenomena developing after repeated use of alcohol. Various modalities, including neuroimaging, psychology, psychopathology, neurophysiology, genetics, and biochemistry evaluations, have been used to investigate alcohol-induced changes in brain function in alcoholics; all have demonstrated that AD affects the structure and function of the brain (Bjork and Gilman 2014). Thus, AD causes neurological damage such as behavioral abnormalities, learning, and memory weakness as well as impaired decision-making. The effects of AD on brain functions have been investigated by using various techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, positron emission tomography and electroencephalography (EEG) (De la Monte and Kril 2014; Oscar-Berman and Marinkovic 2003; Wang et al. 2017). EEG is the most commonly used method in clinical practice to investigate brain functional changes under different conditions because it is easy, portable, noninvasive, economical, and allows long-term recording. Nevertheless, localization of changes in cognitive activity is limited in EEG in contrast to brain imaging techniques. Compelling electrophysiological evidence indicates abnormalities of the brain, especially frontal dysfunction, in people with AD (Moselhy, Georgiou, and Kahn 2001; Oscar-Berman 2012). Abnormal frontal and prefrontal functioning can lead to cognitive deficits in areas such as attention, working memory, planning, decision-making, inhibitory control, and emotional regulation (Catani et al. 2012; Oscar-Berman 2012). Many studies have employed safe, noninvasive psychophysiological methods, such as EEG and event-related potential (ERP) analysis, to study the neural correlations of mental processes; some of these include EEG- and/or ERP-based studies of cognitive deficits in people with AD (Acharya et al. 2014; Balli and Palaniappan 2008; Faust, Yu, and Kadri 2013).