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Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Flavonoids, or bioflavonoids, include about 3000 natural phenolic structures. They commonly occur in almost every vegetable, fruit, and herb. They are also found in tea and coffee. Flavonoids constitute a considerable part of our daily dietary value, mostly in the form of quercetin (Kühnau 1976). They act as anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitors, that can potentially improve capillary resistance and battle free radicals. Flavonoids are classified into flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, and anthocyanidins. Flavanones have limited distribution, found mainly in citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges (Hollman et al. 1997). Flavones are widely distributed, such as luteolin and apigenin. Isoflavones include genistein, which can potentially inhibit human prostate cancer cells, and daidzein. Food rich in isoflavones includes legumes such as soy. Flavonols are found as naturally occurring glycosides, and the major ones include kaempferol and quercetin. Flavanols, or flavan-3-ols, have limited distribution and are found in tea, apples, broccoli, etc. Catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are an example of flavanols. Anthrocyanidins are red-blue pigments found in berries. They are responsible for pigmentation in fruits.
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: An Overview of the Clinical Outcomes and Evidence-Based Archive
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Manjir Sarma Kataki, Ananya Rajkumari, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Isoflavones are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds and have been known for various protective and therapeutic mechanisms. A huge array of health benefits have been observed for isoflavones, which include a protective effect in heart diseases, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal symptoms, and osteoporosis. Chemically, isoflavones are similar in structure to physiological estrogen (17-β-estradiol), which indicates modulation of estrogen activities. This mechanism has justified the estrogenic or anti-estrogenic properties of isoflavones as observed in many literature works. These are called phytoestrogens and are responsible for balancing hormone modulation and imbalances (Andres et al., 2011). Soy and soy foods are the best source of isoflavones, along with red clover as another source. Many different kinds of isoflavones are found in soy, however genistein and daidzein are the most beneficial ones. Soy products are mainly a prime part of Asian diets, indicating a significant intake of polyphenols in terms of isoflavones.
Sources of Endocrine Disrupters
Published in Jason W. Birkett, John N. Lester, Endocrine Disrupters in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Processes, 2002
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds that possess estrogenic activity. The term phytoestrogen is used to define a class of compounds that are nonsteroidal and are generally of plant origin, or are produced by the in vivo metabolism of precursors that are present in several plants consumed by humans.32 This metabolism process results in the production of heterocyclic phenols, with a structure similar to the steroid estrogens.33 Isoflavones and lignans are the two main classes of these compounds. The main source of phytoestrogens is food. Isoflavones are found in a variety of plants, including fruits and vegetables, and are especially abundant in soy products.34 Lignans are present in whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and seeds, with high concentrations of lignans found in flaxseed. Table 2.4 indicates the main food sources for both these phytoestrogens.
Changes in bioactive components, biological activities and starch digestibility of soymilk residues as affected by far-infrared radiation combined with hot-air and hot-air drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Ekkarat Tangkhawanit, Naret Meeso, Sirithon Siriamornpun
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seeds are popular legume seeds and are widely consumed in Asia countries. The soybean is a raw material for various products, such as tofu, soy sauce, soy oil and soymilk in the soy industry.[1] The soy by-products from soy processing are good sources of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and minerals. Soy residues are also available as bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids and isoflavones.[2] The main flavonoid in soybean and soy residues is isoflavone and these compounds are related with the protection of oxidative stress in the human body, which is a cause of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes.[2] Many studies have demonstrated the positive aspects of isoflavones on health-promotion, such as the ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes.[3,4]
Protein–based electrospun nanofibers: electrospinning conditions, biomedical applications, prospects, and challenges
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Md Nur Uddin, Md. Jobaer, Sajjatul Islam Mahedi, Ayub Ali
When it comes to wound healing, aspartic acid and glutamine, reactive amino acid residues found in soy protein, are beneficial (Khabbaz et al., 2019; Park et al., 2012). However, only a few researchers have focused on the use of soy–based nanofibers for wound healing purposes (da Silva et al., 2018; Khabbaz et al., 2019; Salas et al., 2014; Thirugnanaselvam et al., 2013). Because of the porous nanofibrous matrix makes nutrients more readily available, so electrospun soy protein has been demonstrated to have stronger cell proliferation in vitro than solvent cast film (Khabbaz et al., 2019). With a purity rate of 90%, soy protein isolates have a controversial biological influence due to the presence of plant estrogen and isoflavone (Santin & Ambrosio, 2008; Yu et al., 2016). On the one hand, Isoflavones have beneficial antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti–inflammatory effects (Yu et al., 2016).
Recapitulate genistein for topical applications including nanotechnology delivery
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Afroz Jahan, Juber Akhtar, Neha Jaiswal, Asad Ali, Usama Ahmad
Isoflavones are naturally occurring isoflavonoids that are most found in soy foods, soyabeans, and legumes. Isoflavones, also referred as phytoestrogens, are non-steroidal compounds that behave like estrogen because they imitate 17-beta esatradiol structures.[21] Isoflavones are present in most Fabaceae compounds, and the most prevalent isoflavones are daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and formononetin. They show anti-skin oxidation properties by scavenging free radicals generated by lipid peroxidation and decreasing oxidative stress caused by UV exposure. Isoflavones, as phytoestrogens with the ability to increase hyaluronic acid synthesis, have a moisturizing effect and might be utilized in topical administration. Genistein also showed anti-osteoporotic properties.[22]