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Controlled Polymerization
Published in Timothy P. Lodge, Paul C. Hiemenz, Polymer Chemistry, 2020
Timothy P. Lodge, Paul C. Hiemenz
In this approach the leaving group X in Reaction (4.Y) is a halide, such as a chloride or bromide, and it is extracted by a suitable metal, such as copper, nickel, iron, or ruthenium. The metal is chelated by ligands such as bipyridines, amines, and trialklyphosphines that can stabilize the metal in different oxidation states. A particular example of the activation/deactivation equilibrium using copper bromide/2,2ʹ-bipyridine (bipy) can thus be written: PiBr+CuBr(bipy)2⇌KATRPPi•+ CuBr2(bipy)2
Overview of the present state and the development of copper vapour lasers and copper vapour laser systems
Published in A.G. Grigor’yants, M.A. Kazaryan, N.A. Lyabin, Laser Precision Microprocessing of MaterialsLaser Precision Microprocessing of Materials, 2019
A.G. Grigor’yants, M.A. Kazaryan
In connection with the large reserve of already enriched uranium, pulsed CVLs began to be applied in other fields of science and technology. These include the current laser micromachining of materials, medicine, spectral studies on the analysis of the composition of substances, increasing the brightness of the image, speed photography, etc. Therefore, some US firms have begun to develop low-power commercial air-cooled CVLs. For example, the company Laser Now advertises CVL models CVL-5W and CVL-10W. The average radiation power of the model CVL-5W with a diameter of the discharge channel of 14 mm is about 5 W, CVL-10W with a channel diameter of 20 mm has a power of 10 W with a PRF of 20 kHz. The minimum lifetime of soldered AE CVL-5W is 800 h, CVL-10W is 500 h. A group of experienced scientists from the USA and Korea from BISON MEDIKAL has developed a new generation medical device Cooper Bromide for innovative technologies in dermatology and cosmetology. The basis of the medical device is a pulsed low-power laser with sealed AE on copper bromide. The firm was established in 2002 in the USA, California. The device Cooper Bromide effectively treats vascular and pigmentary pathologies and other skin diseases. Vascular pathologies include teleantiectasias, ‘wine spots’, hemangiomas, senile angioma, pigmentosa – freckles, lentigo, melasma and other diseases – warts, acne, scars, wrinkles and senile skin defects. Another well-known company in the US for the development and production of commercial LMOs for applications in science, technology and medicine is Metalaser Technologies Inc.
Light and Color Production
Published in John A. Conkling, Christopher J. Mocella, Chemistry of Pyrotechnics, 2019
John A. Conkling, Christopher J. Mocella
Another halogen, bromine, has been investigated as another alternative to chlorine, in this case generating copper bromide, CuBr, in pyrotechnic flame. This can be achieved in a process similar to the above by synthesizing copper bromate—Cu(BrO3)2—and generating CuBr as a dissociation product or by creating CuBr in the flame by having a bromine donor in the presence of copper, such as using copper metal with potassium bromate, KBrO3, or ammonium bromide, NH4Br (the latter of which is known to be a “coolant” in pyrotechnic compositions) (Juknelevicious, et al. 2015). The dominant wavelength of CuBr is expected to be 473 nm, right in the middle of the blue color spectrum range. While copper bromate isn’t widely available, pricing on potassium bromate as an oxidizer/bromine donor in copper-based formulations was found to be (at the time of this writing) about 35% more expensive in bulk than potassium perchlorate, not prohibitively expensive but another consideration for the pyrotechnic chemist.
Coordination chemistry and magnetic properties of copper(II) halide complexes of quinoline
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Christopher P. Landee, Firas F. Awwadi, Brendan Twamley, Mark M. Turnbull
Copper(II) bromide (0.107 g, 0.49 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of 1-propanol and quinoline (0.127 g, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of 1-propanol. The quinoline solution was added rapidly to the copper bromide solution with stirring yielding an immediate light brown ppt. [Anal Calcd (found) for C18H14N2Cl2Cu: C, 44.88 (45.14); H, 2.93 (3.03); N, 5.82 (5.93)]. This was removed by filtration, leaving a dark brown solution, which was left overnight to yield a dark yellow-brown powder. Isolation by filtration followed by washing with cold 1-propanol and air-drying yielded 0.041 g (17%) of a green/brown powder. Anal Calcd (found) for C18H14N2Cl2Cu: C, 44.88 (45.03); H, 2.93 (2.88); N, 5.82 (5.56). IR: ν 3048w, 1583w, 1508 m, 1378w, 1313w, 1132w. 959w, 809vs, 781vs, 744w, 638w cm−1. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were grown by slow evaporation of the filtrate.
Synthesis, crystal structures and urease inhibition of copper, nickel and zinc complexes derived from 4-chloro-2-((pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)phenol
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Jing Ji, Shiyi Wang, Jie Zhao, Ting Yang, Jiaqi Wang, Zhonglu You
The results are listed in Table 3. Detailed information of the urease inhibition is given as supplementary data. Copper complexes 1 and 2 have good inhibitory activity on Jack bean urease, with IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.7 and 1.0 ± 0.6 μmol·L−1, respectively. The two copper complexes have better activity against the urease than the free Schiff base. However, the nickel and zinc complexes have weaker activity than the Schiff base. It is interesting that the two copper complexes have better activity than the reference drug acetohydroxamic acid, and copper chloride or copper bromide. The same pattern can be seen for the zinc complexes. Complexes 4 and 5 have stronger activities than the inorganic zinc salts. However, for nickel complex 3, it has lower activity than nickel acetate. As a comparison with the literature results, 1 and 2 have better activity against urease than the copper(II) complexes with the Schiff base ligand N,N′-bis(4-fluorosalicylidene)-1,2-diaminopropane (IC50 = 2.1–3.4 μmol·L−1) [56], and with the reduced Schiff base ligand 2,2′-((propane-1,3-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(methylene)diphenol (IC50 = 1.6 μmol·L−1) [28]. Thus, the two copper complexes may be used as urease inhibitors, which deserve further study.
Pyridine-based complexes of copper(II) chloride and bromide: ligand conformation effects on crystal structure. Synthesis, structure and magnetic behavior of Cu(2-Cl-3-X′py)2X2 [X, X′ = Cl, Br]
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Robert J. Dubois, Christopher P. Landee, Melanie Rademeyer, Mark M. Turnbull
Finally, a small family of 2,3,5-substituted pyridine complexes have been reported. The four bis(2-amino-3,5-X′2pyridine)2CuX2 compounds (X, X′ = Cl, Br) [35] all crystallize in the anti-conformation and pack into chains via bihalide linkages with Cu…X distances of ∼3.0 Å for the copper chloride complexes and ∼4.1 Å for the copper bromide complexes. The copper bromide and copper chloride complexes of 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoropyridine, however, show different coordination conformations and structures [36]. The CuCl2 complex crystallizes in the anti-conformation and generates halide bibridged chains (Cu…Cl = 2.97 Å), similar to the 2-amino-3,5-X′2pyridine complexes, while the bromide analogue occurs in the syn-conformation and generates bibromide-bridged dimers similar to Figure 8a (Cu…Br = 2.67 Å). In the latter case, fluorine–fluorine halogen bonds (F…F = 3.1 Å) further link the dimers into chains.