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Microwave- and ultrasound-assisted surfactant treated adsorbent for the efficient removal of emulsified oil from wastewater
Published in Shirish H. Sonawane, Y. Pydi Setty, T. Bala Narsaiah, S. Srinu Naik, Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater, 2017
P. Augusta, P. Kalaichelvi, K. N. Sheeba, A. Arunagiri
Coalescer, an enhanced filtration system, is prevalently used for liquid-liquid dispersion and emulsion. Coalescence of small droplets in fibrous bed coalescers is practiced. The principle behind is when dispersions flow through the bed, filter material captures the droplet because of wetting and retains it until a large number of droplets have been captured and then coalesces them to form large drops, later separated by gravity settlers. In a study, the optimum conditions for oil removal using bed coalescers were determined to be the initial oil concentration (30% (v/v)), bed height (100 mm), pH 6, and the emulsion flow velocity (127 x 10−3 dm3/min) at which the efficiency of oil removal was assessed as 83.4% [10]. The benefits of coalescers are easy installation, maintenance and automatization while its demerit includes the need for bed periodical replacement of bed based the concentration of particle in effluent and slow process of oil removal.
Gas Filtration Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Published in Maik W. Jornitz, Filtration and Purification in the Biopharmaceutical Industry, 2019
A coalescer effects a separation of liquid and gas by first capturing the aerosol, then unloading or draining the liquid, and finally separating the liquid and gas. Coalescer performance can be degraded by re-entrainment of the discontinuous (or liquid) phase due to poor drainage. It is preferable, therefore, to use a coalescer performance test that employs an aerosol and parameters representative of actual systems and considers the three factors (aerosol capture, medium drainage, and downstream separation) of importance for proper operation. An example of such a procedure is found in Ref. [8].
Oil separation from oil in water emulsion by coalescence filtration using kapok fibre
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Chandra Jeet Singh, Samrat Mukhopadhyay, R. S. Rengasamy
Among the above techniques, membrane filtration is the most efficient technique for the separation of oil from oily water [11]. Despite its efficiency in removing the oil from oily water, the high operating cost and fouling restrict the commercialisation of this technology. This technique can be affordable if it gets some pretreatment, which also reduces the risk of fouling . According to the central pollution control board of India, the quantity of oil in water should not exceed 0.1 mgL−1 for the ecologically sensitive zone and marine culture. In order to remove floating oil from the surface of the water, sorbents are used since the oil can be accumulated and reused. The oil sorbents can also be used to treat oil in water emulsion as a collapsing medium in the coalescer [12]. Coalescence of the emulsified oil can be achieved by flow into a porous medium consisting of either fibrous or granular packing. It has been observed by Secerov Sokolovic and Sokolovic [13] that fibrous media that have greater porosity and higher specific surface area have complete phase separation than coarse granular media with the same depth of bed and conditions of operation. But the disadvantage of fibrous media is that even a small amount of suspended solids in the oily water accumulates and clogs the fibrous media and reduces the working life of the media. The feasibility of using fibrous media depends on the cost of the fibres. Cheap and abundantly available natural fibres can provide a better alternative than synthetic materials. In general, natural fibre sorption filters remove oil from water with an efficiency of 42–98% [14].
Demisting and water recovery from wet cooling tower by multi-field coalescence
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Siyu Wu, Yong Kang, Zihao Zhao, Xinhe Liu
The large liquid droplets were separated from wet air by the gravity and the residual fine droplets flew through the microfiber unit for further recovery. However, lots of water droplets gathered in the apertures among the fibers of the microfiber coalescer and increased the air resistance of the micorfiber layer and decreased the water recovery efficiency due to the glass fibers packed in the fibrous coalescer was hydrophilic.[19] In order to enhance the separation performance of the glass microfibers coalescer, superhydrophobic modification of the glass micorfibers in the fibrous coalescer was carried out with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emulsion mixed nanoparticles of SiO2.[18,20] The fibrous coalescer had a small hole in its bottom to connect the latex tube so that the captured water could be collected better as shown in Figure 3 and the pressure drop caused by water accumulation could be avoid.
Phenol recovery using continuous emulsion liquid membrane (CELM) process
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2021
Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman, Norasikin Othman, Nur Hartika Harith, Hilmi Abdul Rahman, Norela Jusoh, Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah, Muhammad Bukhari Rosly
Continuous ELM extraction of phenol was carried out using the aforementioned continuous rig extractor. During the ELM extraction, the primary W/O emulsion and feed phase solutions (300 ppm of phenol) were mixed in the extraction tank at various treat ratio for about 15 min. Subsequently, samples collected were transferred into a separation funnel for feed and emulsion phases separation. The emulsion was at the top whereas the feed phase containing phenol solution was at the bottom of the separation funnel. The treated aqueous phenol solution (feed phase) was then filtered and analyzed for phenol concentration using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Jenway 7305). Meanwhile, the remaining emulsion was demulsified using a high voltage coalescer with an electric potential of 20 kV at 300 Hz frequency. After demulsification, the organic emulsion phase was separated from the aqueous internal phase. Similarly, the high concentration of phenol in the aqueous internal phase was evaluated by means of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer in order to determine the recovery efficiency as calculated using Equation (5). Meanwhile, the enrichment of phenol in the internal phase was determined using Equation (6). Several number of process parameters were examined such as rotational speed, treat ratio, and retention time.