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Liposome-Based Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
Published in Emmanuel Opara, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, 2020
Eneida de Paula, Juliana Damasceno Oliveira, Fernando Freitas de Lima, Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
Nowadays a heterogeneity of antibiotics (amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clofazimine, gentamicin, polymyxin B, rifampicin, and tobramycin) has been loaded in liposomes, mostly for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Table 16.2 depicts the main clinical and preclinical studies with antimicrobial agents encapsulated in liposomes, involving different classes of antibiotics and types of liposomes, since 1990.
Carbon nanomaterials: a new way against tuberculosis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Flavio De Maio, Valentina Palmieri, Marco De Spirito, Giovanni Delogu, Massimiliano Papi
Lipid-based systems, classically named liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), have been largely studied for TB treatment. Liposomes are vesicles with a hydrophilic core enclosed in a lipid bilayer mainly used for drug delivery. Liposomal RIF or INH [59,61–64], PZA [65], rifabutin [66], amikacin [67,68] and clofazimine [69] have been produced. A case report of a patient with severe multidrug-resistant tuberculosis described a well toleration of liposomal amikacin with clinical improvements [68]. Liposomes can be prepared by a variety of lipid compositions, with different size and then stabilized by molecules such as cholesterol to alter their in vivo biodistribution. In the work of Deol and colleagues [70], a double strategy was proposed to increase the liposome accumulation in the lungs: (a) the inclusion of molecules in liposomes such as O-stearylamylopectin, dicetylphosphate, monosialoganglioside, distearylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol or (b) pre-administration of phosphatidyl-choline and cholesterol liposomes before the injection of lung specific stealth liposomes. Similar to liposomes, the niosomes have been also analyzed for TB treatment. Niosomes are liposomes with the addition of nonionic surfactant which stabilizes them in circulation [71]. Niosomes loaded with ethambutol [72] and rifampicin [73] have been tested in vivo.