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Biomedical Insights of Lipid- and Protein- Based Biocomposites
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Saiqa Ikram, Suvardhan Kanchi, Krishna Bisetty, Biocomposites, 2018
Aasim Majeed, Raoof Ahmad Najar, Shruti Chaudhary, Sapna Thakur, Amandeep Singh, Pankaj Bhardwaj
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive pathogenic bacteria that causes listeriosis in which infections primarily occur in the central nervous system, causing meningitis and other brain disorders, especially in newborn babies and pregnant women. The use of biomaterial as antimicrobial agents is environment friendly and low health risk strategy. Essential oils such as cinnamaldehyde possess excellent antimicrobial activity. A biocomposite of starch and lipid, on the incorporation of emulsion of the antimicrobial cinnamaldehyde, shows high toxicity to L. monocytogenes. Hence, this composite can be used to treat listeriosis [93]. During pathogenic infection, controlled release of the antibiotic drug is preferred to combat the infection. Antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles are gaining interest in this aspect. SLNs were prepared from a microemulsion of stearic acid, lecithin, sodium taurocholate, water, and ciprofloxacin. Such a nanoparticle- based system prolongs the release of the ciprofloxacin to combat eye and skin infections. For eye infections, this formulation is particularly advantageous because normally in other formulations, there occurs prompt release of the drug causing a very high initial drug concentration followed by sudden decline in concentration. To combat this, frequent administration of the drug is needed, which can cause toxicity. Also due to fluid and blinking reflexes of the eye, there is low drug absorption. Solid lipid nanoparticle- based formulations offer solution to both these problems by their enhanced penetration and gradual drug release and can also combat lung infections [94]. Solid lipid microparticles were embedded in the drug-loaded spongy matrix of chitosan and alginate to generate a composite that possesses the ability of controlled release of the drug, lidocaine HCl. Such composites are effective in wound healing as they counter microbes at the injury site [95].
Cinnamaldehyde encapsulation within new natural wax-based nanoparticles; formation, optimization and characterization
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Atefe Shirvani, Sayed Amir Hossein Goli, Jaleh Varshosaz, Ali Sedaghat Doost
Cinnamaldehyde (CA), the major component of cinnamon bark essential oil, is well-known as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiradical and flavoring agent.[19] Due to some limitations like poor aqueous solubility, strong fragrance, bitter taste, customer perception, sensitivity to environmental conditions (oxygen, light and temperature) and skin irritation, CA cannot be used directly in food industry.[20] To overcome these drawbacks, lots of delivery systems, including emulsions, liposomes, NLCs and SLNs can be applied for encapsulation of CA. Sedaghat Doost et al.[20] used the mixture of CA and sunflower oil to formulate oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions, which were stabilized with two types of emulsifiers (polysorbate 80 and hydrophobically modified inulin (HMI)). Their results revealed that the equal mixture of CA and a triglyceride emulsified by HMI could show desirable antimicrobial effects. In another study, NLCs containing cinnamon essential oil was fabricated followed by coating with chitosan. The coated samples showed higher encapsulation efficiency and stability compared to CA-loaded NLCs without chitosan (ca. 5% and 8%, respectively).[21] The production of several solid lipid nanoparticles containing different flavoring agents like CA were investigated by Cortial et al.[22]. They reported that cetyl palmitate as a shell had a high encapsulation efficiency (up to 95%) and could be stable for one month at 4 and 25 °C in terms of particle size distribution.
Protein–based electrospun nanofibers: electrospinning conditions, biomedical applications, prospects, and challenges
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Md Nur Uddin, Md. Jobaer, Sajjatul Islam Mahedi, Ayub Ali
Anti–inflammatory properties and other antimicrobials, antifungal and anti–biofilm properties have been found in cinnamaldehyde (Doyle & Stephens, 2019; Shreaz et al., 2016). As a result, careful consideration should be given to its use in wound healing. An anti-ageing peptide in the pea protein genome has recently been reported to be exploitable for wound healing using artificial intelligence. Furthermore, this peptide has been demonstrated to enhance the proliferation and production of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. There was a 40% reduction in wound area compared to the control in the wound scratch experiment carried out in vitro after 48 h of incubation (Doyle & Stephens, 2019; Shreaz et al., 2016).