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Encapsulation and Release of Medicinal Drugs by Mesoporous MOFs
Published in Alexander Samokhvalov, Adsorption on Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks in Solution for Clean Energy, Environment, and Healthcare, 2017
Encapsulation and controlled release of antiviral drugs from mesoporous MOFs were first reported in (Horcajada et al. 2010), see Table 12.3. The reported antiviral drugs were anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) drugs that can be considered life-saving, so some moderate toxicity of the Fe-containing MOF sorbents could be permitted. Cidofovir (CDV), L(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)cytosine, is an antiviral drug used in the treatment for cytomegalovirus in patients with HIV (Figure 12.10).
Intramolecular π-stacks in mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes formed by heteroaromatic amines and antivirally active acyclic nucleotide analogs carrying a hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl residue‡
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Claudia A. Blindauer, Rolf Griesser, Antonín Holý, Bert P. Operschall, Astrid Sigel, Bin Song, Helmut Sigel
The past two decades have seen enormous progress in antiviral therapies [3, 4], in part triggered by the AIDS pandemic. Among the many new antiviral drugs developed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) are the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs). The prototype of these ANPs is (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (HPMPA; Figure 1 [5–10]) [11]. It has a broad activity spectrum against double-stranded DNA viruses including herpesviruses, adenoviruses, poxviruses, hepadnaviruses, and the cytomegalovirus [4]. HPMPA was never commercialized, but gave rise to three important antivirals that are in clinical use [3, 12, 13]: Cidofovir ((S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine; HPMPC; Figure 1) [14], Adefovir ((9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine, PMEA; Figure 1) [14, 15], and Tenofovir ((R)-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine; PMPA) [16]. Cidofovir (HPMPC) has an activity spectrum similar to that of HPMPA; it was, under the trade name Vistide, in 1997 the first ANP to be approved by FDA and EMA for treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients [17]. Besides antiviral activities, antiparasitic [18], and also antiproliferative [19], specifically anticancer [20], activities have been reported for ANPs.