China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Advanced Topics in Gold Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applications
Published in Jay L. Nadeau, Introduction to Experimental Biophysics, 2017
Prostate cancer is an excellent target for nanoparticle-enhanced radiation, since it is often treated by brachytherapy and is accessible to intratumoral injection. Choline is a ubiquitous molecule in all cells for which overactivity of processing enzymes (choline kinase) has been found in prostate tumors. One study reported development of Au nanoparticles conjugated with polyethylene imine (PEI) and choline for the purpose of targeting prostate cancer for GNRT (Figure 13.3d). While no radiation experiments were reported, favorable pharmacokinetics were shown in mice.
Radionuclide-based Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Sven-Erik Strand, Mohamed Altai, Joanna Strand, David Ulmert
Choline is a precursor of phospholipids, major structural components of the plasma membrane, and as such choline is necessary for membrane synthesis and cell division. It is transported into cells via high-affinity sodium-dependent choline transporters, phosphorylated by choline kinase (which is overexpressed in PCa), and incorporated into phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine).
Recent advances in PET probes for hepatocellular carcinoma characterization
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Luca Filippi, Orazio Schillaci, Oreste Bagni
Choline is a quaternary ammonium base of crucial importance for mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis proved to be associated with an increased up-regulation of choline kinase (ChoK) activity. It is well known, in fact, that tumors have increased the need of choline as a substrate for the synthesis of phospholipids, particularly of phosphatidylcholine [49,50]. These biological evidences have triggered the development of radiolabeled choline compounds as imaging biomarkers of cell membrane synthesis.