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Contaminant Characteristics
Published in Stephen S. Olin, Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water, 2020
David A. Reckhow, Stephen S. Olin
Of the 1-, 2-, and 3-carbon chlorinated compounds, several are solvents (methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane), some are intermediates (vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane), and others are mainly byproducts of industrial processes (cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene). The chlorobenzenes (chlorobenzene, o- and p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene) have found use as solvents, intermediates, and pesticides. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene has been used principally as an intermediate in the manufacture of a number of chlorinated pesticides. The aromatic hydrocarbons include four of the most common aromatic solvents (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) and styrene, an important monomer.
Product: Alfa-Tox
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, First Responder’s Guide to Agricultural Chemical Accidents, 2018
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION: A single dose of this product is classified as slightly toxic by ingestion. Irritation of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus can develop following ingestion of chlorobenzene. Eye contact may cause burns. Skin irritation is likely to develop after contact. This material is practically non-toxic by dermal absorption. Systemically toxic concentrations will probably not be absorbed through the skin. Vapors and aerosols can irritate eyes, nose and respiratory passages. Exposure to chlorobenzene can cause central nervous system depression and damage to liver, kidneys and lungs.A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any sign or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to this product.
INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Industrial Solvents Handbook, Revised And Expanded, 2003
Chlorobenzene, also called monochlorobenzene, is a monocyclic aromatic compound. It is a colorless liquid with an aromatic almond-like odor and is manufactured for use as a solvent, is used in the production of other chemicals (pesticides), and in making certain other chemicals, rubber, dyes and grease solvents. It is used as a feedstock to produce ortho- and para- nitrochlorobenzenes and aniline; as a solvent for paints; and as a heat transfer medium. In the past, chlorobenzene was used as an intermediate in phenol and DDT production. Chlorobenzene enters the environment from industrial and municipal discharges. Another potential source is the formation and emission of chlorobenzene as a product of incomplete combustion in waste incinerators.
Chlorobenzene and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene adsorption studies on θ-Arsenene nanosheet – a first-principles analysis
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
V. Nagarajan, R. Chandiramouli
The trade waste and domestic discharges lead to a wide range of inorganic and organic constituents in sewage. Moreover, a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced from sediments and sewage. The VOCs are evolved into the air through sewer headspace by convective mass transfer and diffusion. Hence, numerous VOCs are emitted through sewer headspace. E. C. Sivret et al. [29] reported the odorants emitted from sewer headspace, which leads to harmful effects to humans, animals, and the environment. Some of the prominent VOCs emitted from sewer are halogenated hydrocarbon namely, chlorobenzene and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene. The PEL (permissible exposure limit) of chlorobenzene is 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) according to NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) [30]. However, for 1,4-dichlorobenzene PEL limit is 75 ppm (450 mg/m3) with regard to NIOSH [31]. Besides, exposure to chlorobenzene results in cyanosis, numbness, hyperesthesia, and muscle spasms. Furthermore, the higher exposure of 1.4 dichlorobenzene leads to headache, dizziness, eye swellings, nausea, and vomiting. Hence, there is a need to detect the presence of halogenated hydrocarbon from the sewer. In the proposed work, we studied the utilisation of θ-arsenene nanosheet (θ-AsNS) as a chemical sensor to detect the presence of chlorobenzene and 1,4 dichlorobenzene.