Chlornaphazine

Chlornaphazine

Organic Chemicals

Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017

Direct carcinogens are alkyl imine (ethylene imino-), alkylene epoxides (1,2,3,4-butadiene epoxide), small-ring lactenes (β-propiolactone), propane sultone, sulfate esters (dimethyl sulfate, methyl methanesulfonate, 1,4-butacaine dimethanesulfonate [Myleran]), mustards (bis[2-chloroethyl] sulfide mustard gas, Yperite), bis(2-chloroethyl)amine (nor-nitrogen mustard RKH, nitrogen mustard RKCH3), cyclophosphamide (cytoxin), 2-naphthylamine mustard (chlornaphazine), triethylenemelamine chloride, methyl iodide, dimethylcarbamyl chloride, PAHs (anthracene, benzopyrene), aromatic amines (aniline, toluidine, o-anisidine, p-cresidine, phenacetin). Quinolones and aza are nitranologues of carcinogenic aromatic urethane, ethionine, formaldehyde, hexamethyl phosphoramide, carbamates, and halogenated hydrocarbons. Inorganics include uranium, polonium, radium, radon gas, titanium, nickel chromium under special conditions, cobalt, lead, manganese, beryllium, selenium, and arsenic.

Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens

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Journal Information

Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019

Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski

‘Chlornaphazine is a bifunctional alkylating agent with genotoxic/mutagenic activity. In addition, the presence of sulfate esters of 2-naphthylamine as intermediates in the metabolism of chlornaphazine in rats is consistent with the production of 2-naphthylamine and the increased incidence of bladder tumours in humans.’ (IARC 2012a, 333).

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Organic Chemicals

Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens