China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biotransformation of Occupational Carcinogens
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
In the latter part of the 19th century it became apparent that there was an association between the development of cancer of the urinary bladder in workers and their prolonged exposure to aromatic amines in an “analine-dye” factory in Frankfurt, West Germany. Subsequent reports from many countries, especially after the first World War showed associations between the occurrence of human bladder cancer and occupations that resulted in exposure to 2-naphthylamine, benzidine, or 4-aminobiphenyl. Since then, numerous similar associations have been noted between the occurrence of human cancer and gross exposure to certain chemicals or chemical mixtures in specific industrial, medical, or societal situations. Chapter 4 discusses the chemicals that are generally recognized as carcinogenic in humans. It should be recognized that the list of chemicals causing cancer in animals is much longer.
Toxicological Chemistry of Chemical Substances
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Both 1-naphthylamine (α-naphthylamine) and 2-naphthylamine (β-naphthylamine) are proven human bladder carcinogens. In addition to being a proven human carcinogen, benzidine, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, is highly toxic and has systemic effects that include blood hemolysis, bone marrow depression, and kidney and liver damage. It can be taken into the body orally, by inhalation into the lungs, and by skin sorption.
Toxicological Chemistry of Chemical Substances
Published in Stanley Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2017
Both 1-naphthylamine (α-naphthylamine) and 2-naphthylamine (β-naphthylamine) are proven human bladder carcinogens. In addition to being a proven human carcinogen, benzidine, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, is highly toxic and has systemic effects that include blood hemolysis, bone marrow depression, and kidney and liver damage. It can be taken into the body orally, by inhalation into the lungs, and by skin sorption.
Restricted substances for textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2022
Arun Kumar Patra, Siva Rama Kumar Pariti
As early as in nineteenth century, it was suspected that people exposed to carcinogenic aromatic amines in the dyestuff industry were likely to develop bladder cancer, and in 1954 the cause of bladder tumors in the workers of in the dye industry was established to be 2-naphthylamine (Chequer, Dorta, & de Oliveira, 2011). Among various azo dyes, benzidine-based dyes were found to be harmful to human health. Workers required to handle benzidine in the production of such dyes were detected with bladder cancer on prolonged exposure to the aryl amine. By the end of the 1960s it was more or less accepted that benzidine is carcinogenic in nature and hence in 1971, the major colourant manufacturers in Germany voluntarily agreed to cease the production and marketing of azo dyes based on benzidine (Geisberger, 1997). Dyestuff manufacturers in Japan, Italy and the US also voluntarily abandoned the manufacture of such dyes in early 1970s, however, due to economic and technical merits of benzidine-based dyes, the manufacture of these dyes continued for some time in countries like Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, India and the Far East. Later benzidine-based dyes were banned throughout the world and are now completely out of use; for example, India banned the dyes with effect from 30 January 1993 (Shenai, 1997a).
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
2-Naphthylamine was utilized commercially as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, as an antioxidant in the rubber industry, and in the production of 2-chloro-naphthalene. Because of carcinogenicity occurrence, the manufacture and use of 2-naphthylamine was prohibited in the European Union since 1998. In the USA, it was a strictly regulated substance. 2-Naphthylamine is also produced during burning of tobacco (smoking), cooking oils and similar substances. This compound induces cancer of the urinary bladder.