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Inherent Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Published in Aidé Sáenz-Galindo, Adali Oliva Castañeda-Facio, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Green Chemistry and Applications, 2020
M. Andrade-Guel, C. Cabello-Alvarado, Carolina Caicedo, Leticia Melo, C. Ávila-Orta
Non-eco-friendly substances used in the textile industry are classified as follows: non-biodegradable organic materials, dangerous substances and substances prone to accidents (Choudhury, 2017). The presence of dangerous substances and prone to accidents in the environment, can cause chemical emergencies due to their toxicity and reactivity. A chemical accident implies huge human and economical costs, as well as environmental damage. Some of the effects on people exposed to dangerous substances can be cancer, genetic disorders, spontaneous miscarriage, injury and death due to toxic chemical reagents or explosions of these. Some can occur instantaneously, but others can develop several years after exposure to such substances (Accidentes Químicos: Aspectos Relativos a la Salud: Parte II, 1998).
Standard of Care and Hazmat Planning
Published in Robert A. Burke, Standard of Care and Hazmat Planning, 2020
All chemical accidents resulting in deaths, serious injuries or significant property damage should be reported to the CSB. If such a chemical release occurs, the National Response Center (NRC) must be notified at its toll-free number (800-424-8802). The center is operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, by the U.S. Coast Guard. In addition to being the contact point for the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, the NRC receives reports of other types of chemical releases required under various federal laws and regulations.
Major Chemical Accidents in Industrializing Countries: The Socio-Political Amplification of Risk
Published in Gerald Mars, David Weir, Risk Management, 2020
Marcelo Firpo de Souza Porto, Carlos Machado de Freitas
The magnitude and severity of a major chemical accident is usually measured by some of its consequences such as the number of fatalities, injuries, immediate or future and chronic health problems, ecological damage, economic losses, number of people evacuated, etc.'"« «' Among these consequencesor variablesfigures about the number of fatalities seem to be the ones most commonly registered in most cases of major chemical accidents worldwide, and can therefore be used to compare the severity of the various accidents in different countries.
Smart gas sensor based on photonic crystal for sensing perilous gases: industrial and mining applications
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Sathish Kumar Danasegaran, Elizabeth Caroline Britto, Poonguzhali S
Several chemical accidents can result in unnecessary damage to lives and the environment. It can occur because of leaking or careless control of the gases in industrial workplaces. When burned, diesel fuel emits a number of hazardous by-products, and diesel-powered cars are substantial contributors to toxic waste (Vinayagam et al. 2021). Industries, power plants and various transports play a major role in producing various toxic gases. According to the environmental defense agency, the consumption of perilous gases can affect human tissues, and cause severe illnesses, nerve damage, and even death. Additionally, it adds to environmental effluence and contaminates the ecosystem. Human lungs and liver are impacted by air pollution. The gas with high levels of pollutants will cause genetic problems (Zhao, Zhang, and Wang 2011). Hence, it is essential to detect various gases by employing a smart PhC sensor and prevent the environmental condition and human lives. Various methods and approaches are available in the form of sensors to detect perilous gases. Such as optic, acoustic, gas chromatograph and calorimetric. PhCs have recently demonstrated a potential approach to gas detecting because of their innovative structure and distinctive optical characteristics (Elizabeth et al. 2022).
Systems approach for the safety and security of hazardous chemicals
Published in Maritime Policy & Management, 2020
Yingyu Zhang, Chang Sun, Wei Shan, Cai Junqing, Linlin Jing, Wei Shao
Each accident analysis technique is based on an accident model. This study introduced CAST that integrates the safety and security in one unified framework to identify the key controllers, and the control and feedback relationships among them. The two interacting but independent physical processes involved in hazardous chemicals accident in port include the operation process and the public safety and security control systems. Using CAST, this study not only identified the traditional human and organizational factors within the physical company, which are responsible for the operation process, but also identified the outside factors within the public political structure, which are responsible for the public safety and security. This study showed the applicability of the CAST approach in analyzing the hazardous chemical accident. It provided different perspectives and offered various approaches to develop safety and security interventions of hazardous chemical accidents.