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Published in Sam A. Hout, Manufacturing of Quality Oral Drug Products, 2022
The solvents used in the ink are probably the most critical element of the formulation. Wetting the surface means the solvents in the ink slightly dissolve the overcoating of the tablet. This is the key to getting good adhesion. The ink’s formula is based primarily on the type of surface, and since all printed tablets receive an aqueous overcoat, the inks are standard. Waxed, gelatin, or enteric-coated tablets would require a different formula. Most enteric coatings work by presenting a coated surface that is stable at the highly acidic pH found in the stomach but breaks down rapidly at a less acidic (relatively more basic) pH. Materials used for enteric coatings include CAP, CAT, PVAP and HPMCP, fatty acids, waxes, shellac, plastics, and plant fibers. Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), also known as cellacefate, is a commonly used polymer phthalate in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, such as the enteric coating of tablets or capsules and for controlled release formulations.
Cellulose-Based NanoBioMaterials
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Michael Ioelovich, Sumant Saini, Teenu Sharma, Bhupinder Singh
Other cellulose derivatives, ethers, esters, and oxycelluloses find diverse applications in biomedicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and personal care. Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) is one of the most effective aids used as a protective coating for enteric capsules or tablets to impart them resistance to the acidic environment of the stomach (Edgar, 2007; Rowe et al., 2009). Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used as a binder for tablets, coating agent, thickener, and suspending aid (Kamel et al., 2008). Methylcellulose (MC) serves mainly as thickener and emulsifying and suspending agent in various flowable remedies (Glass and Haywood, 2006; Rowe et al., 2009). Some other soluble ethers — hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose—also find application in cosmetics, hygiene, and medicine (Kamel et al., 2008).
A review on the presence and removal of phthalates from wastewater
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2022
Ilona Kerienė, Audrius Maruška
Contamination of WWTPs effluents by pharmaceutical drugs containing endocrine disruptors (EDs) phthalates is becoming an issue (EEA (European Environmental Agency) 2019; Kosek et al. 2020). In Denmark, Broe et al. (2017) found 154 drug products containing five different phthalates – DBP, DEP, cellulose acetate phthalate, hypromellose phthalate. Once absorbed into the human body, phthalates can rapidly be transformed into their associated metabolites, which are excreted via urination, and eventually enter the sewer system He et al. 2021). Loads of phthalate metabolites in wastewater with the estimated excretion through urine and a load of phthalate metabolites measured in wastewater were significantly higher than the load contributed by the population urine (González-Mariño et al. 2017; Tang et al. 2020).
Synthetic electrospun nanofibers as a supportive matrix in osteogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Arash Azari Matin, Khashayar Fattah, Sahand Saeidpour Masouleh, Reza Tavakoli, Seyed Armin Houshmandkia, Afshin Moliani, Reza Moghimimonfared, Sahar Pakzad, Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
PES is a synthetic biocompatible non-toxic polymer with a wide range of applications. The polymer has high thermal and chemical resistance as its melting temperature is above 200 °C. The fabricated polymer has a high surface area, allowing a large number of cells to be attached [61]. It has good mechanical properties, provides a favorable matrix for tissue engineering purposes. However, a relatively low molecular weight (MW: 42–65) and tensile strength limit its use in bone tissue engineering [62–64]. Ardeshirylajimi et al. [65] used PES electrospun scaffold to enhance osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs and showed higher bone markers expressions. However, hydrophobicity is a major drawback of PES. Therefore, increasing the hydrophilicity of the polymer by plasma treatment and other approaches is recommended to improve the tissue engineering applications [66]. Moreover, in some studies, PES has been used in combination with other polymers and biomaterials including graphene oxide (GO) [67], chitosan, poly (amide-imide) (PAI) [68], cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) [69], and so on.
Opportunities for an en-route to polymer inclusion membrane approach from conventional hydrometallurgical recycling of WPCBs: a mini-review
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2022
Rohit Jha, Gautam Mishra, Munmun Agrawal, Mudila Dhanunjaya Rao, Arunabh Meshram, Kamalesh K. Singh
Base polymers are used to provide mechanical strength and for enhancing the stability of the membrane. This implies that the base polymer must be decided based on properties like strength, elasticity, chemical resistance and compatibility with the carrier. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) is usually used as the base polymer for the PIMs synthesis [73–75], whereas, few other research groups have used poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP), cellulose acetate phthalate and cellulose tribenzoate [76–78].