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Published in Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Margarida Gonçalves, Ana Luísa Fernando, Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III, 2019
M. El Gamal, A.M.O. Mohamed, S. Hameedi
Mineral carbonation technology is a process whereby CO2 is chemically reacted with calcium- and/or magnesium-containing minerals to form stable carbonate materials which do not incur any long-term liability or monitoring commitments. Carbonation is already a well-known process, but a great deal of research is necessary to secure cost-effective core technologies. This requires research for the development of quick, cost-effective methods for combining carbon dioxide with magnesium or calcium compounds from rock or alkaline industrial wastes. An attempt to speed up carbonation include the use of both dry and wet methods, additives, heating and pressurizing the reactor, dividing the process into multiple steps, and pretreatment of the mineral source (Mohamed and El Gamal, 2014; El-Naas et al., 2015; Mohamed and El-Gamal, 2011; Mohamed, El-Gamal and Hameedi, 2018).
Effect of Acacia Karroo Gum on carbonation and chloride penetration in concrete
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 2016
R. Mbugua, R. Salim, J. Ndambuki
Rate of carbonation mainly depends on the concentration of CO2, temperature, relative humidity and penetration pressure. On the other hand Chloride ingress into concrete is governed by more than one mechanism eg. existence of cracks in concrete while different transport mechanism such as diffusion and permeation contribute to penetration of chloride. These two processes can reduce durability and hence service life of concrete structures.
Concurrent modelling of carbonation and chloride-induced deterioration and uncertainty treatment in aging bridge fragility assessment
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2020
Mohamed Mortagi, Jayadipta Ghosh
The carbonation process, in essence, refers to the reaction of the carbon dioxide or CO2 molecule to generate carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. In concrete structures, the carbon dioxide reacts with the hydrated cement paste yielding acidic products that lead to reductions in the pore-solution pH. When acting alone, and given a long enough exposure scenario, the carbonation process (without any chloride influence) may lead to pH level drop to an extent that may initiate corrosion of the reinforcing bars (Bertolini et al., 2004; Geng et al., 2016). However, such exposure times are on an average substantially long for reinforced concrete (RC) structures with modest cover depth to be of appreciable concern for deterioration during the design life (Li, 2017; Yoon et al., 2007). Of particular relevance, however, is one secondary effect of carbonation that potentially heightens the chloride-induced severity. This effect can be attributed to an increase in the solubility of Friedel’s salt in concrete as a consequence of pH drop due to carbonation leading to release of bound chlorides into the pore-solution phase (Geng et al., 2016; Kayyali & Haque, 1988; Kayyali & Qasrawi, 1992; Suryavanshi & Swamy, 1996; Wang et al., 2017; Zhu, Zi, Cao, et al., 2016).
Toward CO2 utilization: Gas–liquid reactive crystallization of lithium carbonate in concentrated KOH solution
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Youfa Jiang, Chenglin Liu, Xiaqing Zhou, Ping Li, Xingfu Song, Jianguo Yu
CO2 is recognized as greenhouse gas and has caused severe environmental issues, such as glacial melt and extreme weather (Howardgrenville et al. 2014; Hu et al. 2016). Fortunately, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) techniques are attracting more and more attention (Li et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2017). Among these methods, utilization of carbon dioxide, such as carbonation and mineralization (Wang et al. 2014), can not only reduce the emission of the greenhouse gases but also help produce other high added-value products (Jiang et al. 2018; Shangguan et al. 2016).