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Biomedical Applications of Nanoscale Metal- Organic Frameworks
Published in Feng Chen, Weibo Cai, Hybrid Nanomaterials, 2017
Carbon monoxide, often known as “the silent killer”, is responsible for many household deaths. Its deadly effect on human bodies is due to its much stronger binding affinity to the iron metal center of hemoglobin as compared to that of oxygen molecules, which interrupts the delivery of oxygen to organs via blood and eventually results in tissue hypoxia and poisoning (Gorman et al. 2003). Research on materials for CO delivery has been done with many materials with carbon-monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) being the most intensively studied, especially the photoactive CORMs (Rimmer et al. 2012, Gonzales and Mascharak 2014). Others such as silica (Gonzales et al. 2014) and peptide-based materials (Matson et al. 2012) have also been experimented for CO delivery purpose. However, as promising as MOFs are for gas storage and delivery application, to the extent of our knowledge, there is still no study on CO biological delivery using MOFs. Studies have been done on the interaction and binding affinity of CO gas molecules with MOF frameworks (Supronowicz et al. 2013). This will provide basics for CO delivery research using MOFs in the future.
Synthesis, structure, CO releasing, and biological activities of new 1-D chain Mn(I)/Mn(II) visible light activated CO-releasing molecules (CORMs)
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2023
Mixia Hu, Haofei Zhou, Zhexu Wang, Yanqing Du, Yuewu Wang, Chaolu Eerdun, Baohua Zhu
Much research has shown that carbon monoxide (CO) produced endogenously at lower concentrations has a variety of physiological functions, for example, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, cytoprotective, antiproliferative, and vasodilatory [1–5]. CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) as carbon monoxide vehicles have played a key role in potential clinical applications of CO, which can deliver CO at low, controllable rates into cells and tissues [6–9]. A number of different complexes of transition metals, including rhenium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, and tungsten, have been synthesized and tested as CORMs [10–14]. The CO release from the varying structural motifs follows different mechanisms, which include magnetic induction, redox induction, ligand substitution reactions, photoactivation, and enzyme action [15–20]. Among these reported approaches for CO release, photoactivation is advantageous due to highly controllable ability to release CO by simply switching on/off photoirradiation. Photoinduced carbon monoxide releasing molecules (photoCORMs) allow controlling the location, timing, and dosage of CO release to the targeted tissue. In the past decade, a number of photoCORMs have been reported, mostly by the group of Ford, Schatzschneider, Mascharak, Motterlini, and others [14, 21–25]. However, the majority of the photoCORMs reported to date only can be activated with UV light for efficient CO release. Light in this region results in significant photoinduced toxicity to cells and tissues, which prevents the development of most clinical applications of photoCORMs. Therefore, development of suitably designed photoCORMs that can be activated with longer-wavelength visible/near-infrared light for the delivery of CO remains a major challenge [26].