China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Functionality Features of Candelilla Wax in Edible Nanocoatings
Published in Ali Pourhashemi, Sankar Chandra Deka, A. K. Haghi, Research Methods and Applications in Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2019
Olga B. Alvarez-Perez, Miguel Ángel De León-Zapata, Romeo Rojas Molina, Janeth Ventura-Sobrevilla, Miguel A. Aguilar-González, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar
Its distinctive properties confer on it the category of essential material for the manufacture of cosmetics, inks, adhesives, coatings, emulsions, polishes, and pharmaceutical products. In the cosmetics industry, for being a good plasticizer,11 it is also used in the manufacture of chewing gum, in the smelting, molding industry, in manufacturing various products in the electronic and electrical industries. There are many other applications where it is currently used, including cardboard coatings, crayon manufacturing, paints, wax candles, lubricants, paper coatings, anticorrosives, waterproofing, and Fireworks.11 Candelilla’s wax is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States of America (FDA), as a natural safe-GRAS substance, generally recognized as safe-for application in the food industry, therefore it is widely used in various sectors of the branch.18 Because candelilla wax is an edible wax, it is being used for the elaboration of natural coatings that can retard the ripening and ageing of fruits and vegetables, maintaining a controlled atmosphere on the exterior surface, which allows the protection of the product in the face of environmental, transport and storage conditions.33
Application of Nanotechnology in the Safe Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
Published in V Ravishankar Rai, Jamuna A. Bai, Nanotechnology Applications in the Food Industry, 2018
Behrouz Ghorani, Sara Naji-Tabasi, Aram Bostan, Bahareh Emadzadeh
Waxes are esters of fatty acids. In contrast to fats and oils, the fatty acids are not esters of glycerol but of higher primary monovalent alcohols. Waxes are practically insoluble in water. The color of beeswax varies from nearly white to brownish. It melts in the range of 62–64°C. Beeswax is compatible with most other waxes and oils, fatty acids, glycerides, and hydrocarbons. Carnauba wax is one of the hardest natural waxes. The melting point is in the range of 78–85°C (typically 83°C). The compatibility with other materials is similar as for beeswax. Candelilla wax is soluble in many organic solvents. It is light brown to light yellow and melts in the range of 67–79°C. It is not as hard as carnauba wax. It is compatible with all vegetable and animal waxes, fatty acids, a large variety of natural and synthetic resins, glycerides, and hydrocarbons in certain proportions, origin, and isolation of waxes. Waxes are isolated from animal and plant products. Beeswax is secreted by young honeybees to construct the honeycomb. Carnauba wax is obtained from the leaves of palm trees preferably in Brazil. Candellila wax is derived from the leaves of the Candelilla shrub, which grows in northern Mexico (Zuidam and Nedovic 2009).
Silica modified candelilla wax/thermoplastic polyurethane blend coatings for hydrophobic textiles
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Candelilla wax solution was prepared in pure benzene with 10% solid content at 50–60 °C with constant stirring. Thermoplastic polyurethane solution (10%w/v) prepared in N,N-dimethyl formamide at 40–50 °C. The prepared solutions were mixed in different combination to get candelilla wax and TPU of 10:1, 10:3 and 10:5 blend ratios. For the preparation of CW/TPU/silica nanoparticle coatings, different concentration of silica nanoparticle ranging from 0.5–2.0% (w/w%) were dispersed into the CW/TPU blend solutions. Prepared solutions were ultra-sonicated for 45 min on ultrasonicator (Model USB-2.25) from Accumax India, Delhi.
Composites of polypropylene/Candelilla fiber (Euphorbia antisyphilitica): Synergic of wax-polypropylene grafted Maleic anhydride
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Marielli Elizabeth Ponce-Medina, Saúl Sánchez-Valdés, Marisela Estefanía Ángeles-San Martin, Homero Salas-Papayanopolos, Daniel Eugenio Hernández-Hernández, Tomas Lozano-Ramírez, Shervin Karami, Pierre LaFleur, Ana Beatriz Morales-Cepeda
The adhesion factors are shown in the Figure 5, which depends on the temperature at the viscous region for the polypropylene resin and the copolymers at different amounts of fiber with and without compatibilizer. The curves show similar behavior with and without compatibilizer; the difference is that when using compatibilizer, the adhesion is slightly lower. It is because the wax present in the fiber improve the adhesion we know that the Candelilla wax (CW) contained 78.9 ± 0.1% of hentriacontane (C31H64), nonacosane, tritriacontane, and triterpene alcohols (Domınguez et al., 2011).
Recent update on alginate based promising transdermal drug delivery systems
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Sreejan Manna, Prajna Gupta, Gouranga Nandi, Sougata Jana
Topical gels are effective options for obtaining localized effect on skin. Gels can be defined as semisolid preparations exhibiting an external solvent medium which may be of hydrophilic or hydrophobic behaviour maintaining a three-dimensional structure in which it is immobilized. They generally have a rigid nature with elastic behaviour [112]. Gels are found to have a wide range of applications including food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries [113,114]. Due to higher water content present in gels, they exhibit a better dissolution profile for incorporated medicaments and also facilitating migration of drug molecules through vesicular transport. The aqueous content of gels can help to retain the moisture hydrating the skin which aids drug penetration through skin [115]. Depending on the nature of liquid phase, gels are conventionally categorized into two types—organogels and hydrogels. Organogels or oleogels contain either oily or non-polar liquid phase where the organic liquid is entrapped in three dimensional thermoreversible gel network [116]. Organogels can be formed due to formation of hydrogen bonds or weak Van der Waals force between molecules [117]. Edible oils including olive oil and almond oil, organic solvents including benzene and waxes such as, carnauba wax, candelilla wax and sugarcane wax are widely used to develop organogels [118]. Hydrogels composed of three dimensional polymeric networks made of a hydrophilic gel forming polymer able to absorb excess amounts of water. Physical or chemical cross linking may be used to form hydrogel networks through hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals attraction force or entanglements of polymeric chains. Chemical cross linking leads to formation of permanent gelled matrices through covalently attached networks, whereas physical cross linking is often reversible, and known as reversible hydrogels [119–121]. Alginate, carbopol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are few commonly used polymers for topical gel formulation [21,122].