China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Application of Nanotechnology in the Safe Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
Published in V Ravishankar Rai, Jamuna A. Bai, Nanotechnology Applications in the Food Industry, 2018
Behrouz Ghorani, Sara Naji-Tabasi, Aram Bostan, Bahareh Emadzadeh
Waxes are esters of fatty acids. In contrast to fats and oils, the fatty acids are not esters of glycerol but of higher primary monovalent alcohols. Waxes are practically insoluble in water. The color of beeswax varies from nearly white to brownish. It melts in the range of 62–64°C. Beeswax is compatible with most other waxes and oils, fatty acids, glycerides, and hydrocarbons. Carnauba wax is one of the hardest natural waxes. The melting point is in the range of 78–85°C (typically 83°C). The compatibility with other materials is similar as for beeswax. Candelilla wax is soluble in many organic solvents. It is light brown to light yellow and melts in the range of 67–79°C. It is not as hard as carnauba wax. It is compatible with all vegetable and animal waxes, fatty acids, a large variety of natural and synthetic resins, glycerides, and hydrocarbons in certain proportions, origin, and isolation of waxes. Waxes are isolated from animal and plant products. Beeswax is secreted by young honeybees to construct the honeycomb. Carnauba wax is obtained from the leaves of palm trees preferably in Brazil. Candellila wax is derived from the leaves of the Candelilla shrub, which grows in northern Mexico (Zuidam and Nedovic 2009).
Biodegradable Films for Food Packaging
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar, Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani, Senthilkumar Krishnasamy, Suchart Siengchin, Food Packaging, 2020
In another research study, carnauba wax was used in combination with cassava starch and the results showed that water vapor permeability and water solubility were reduced by the addition of carnauba wax (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Therefore, its use in films with high permeability could have a good effect. Carnauba wax is widely used in food because of its physical and chemical properties. There has been a great deal of research recently on the use of this wax in preservation and processing of food, some of which have found it to be very effective in producing edible films and highly hydrophobic and degradable packaging (de Freitas et al., 2019; Rodrigues et al., 2014).
Influence of the processing factors on deresination rate and the residual resin on properties of deresined montan wax
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Yanxiao Chen, Huifen Zhang, Xian Luo, Shiyun Jiao, Baocai Li, Mi Zhang
Preparation of commercial lignite-based chemical products with higher added value is a promising direction for the further development of the lignite industry (Zhao et al. 2008; Chu and Li 2012; Liang et al. 2012). In particular, lignite can be used for the extraction of montan wax (MW) which is a natural wax that is applied commercially in many fields in the forms such as crude montan wax (CMW), deresined montan wax (DMW) and refined montan wax (RMW) (Zhang et al. 2011). Generally, based on their different appearance and properties, the price of MW products ranges from $5,000 to $60,000 U.S. dollars per ton and have these products higher value than others lignite-based products (Dai and Xie 2008). Previous studies have shown that MW products contain many types of natural fatty acids and esters with long chains, and thus display better performance than other synthetic waxes, and in particularly show higher melting points (Lesar et al. 2009; Zhen and Shi 2012; Zhang et al. 2016). In some applications, montan wax can be even used as a substitute for the expensive carnauba wax (Matthies 2001; Shen et al. 2005). Thus, montan wax is a unique lignite-based product with high added value and should be investigated in further in-depth studies.
Bioinspired and green water repellent finishing of textiles using carnauba wax and layer-by-layer technique
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Azadeh Bashari, Amir H. Salehi K., Niloofar Salamatipour
It contains mainly esters of fatty acids (80–85%), fatty alcohols (10–15%), acids (3–6%) and hydrocarbons (1–3%). carnauba wax is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents like ethyl acetate and chloroform. This means that it is highly durable. It can make something waterproof and wear resistant. Its melting point is between 78 and 88 °C and the relative density is about 0.97 (Hommoss, 2009).