China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Special Types of Closed-Loop Drug Input Controllers
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems, 2020
After a parathyroidectomy, a dog becomes drastically hypocalcémie and would die in tetany unless drastic procedures are taken to restore the normal blood calcium concentration of [Ca++] = 10 mg/dl. An on/off controller with hysteresis controls a parathyroid hormone (PTH) drip. The PTH acts (along with vitamin D3 and calcium gluconate injections) to raise the [Ca++]. The |Ca++] is sensed on-line and compared to the desired-level SP = 10 mg/dl. The integral of the error signal, v(t), is the controller input. Use the describing function method and a graphical solution to find the steady-state limit cycle ωo in radians per minute.Find the peak value of e(t) and [PTH] in the steady state.Design an IPFM controller to operate on e(t) to form a pulsed u(t) which will give a lower max | e | than the hysteresis controller.
Chemical Stabilization of Contaminated Soils
Published in David J. Wilson, Ann N. Clarke, Hazardous Waste Site Soil Remediation, 2017
Citrate, gluconate, glycine, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and nitrilotriacetate are all chelating agents that form stable, water-soluble metal complexes. A relatively simple structure, calcium gluconate, illustrates the ring structure: EDTA forms a more complex, multiple-ring structure with metals:
Fungal Biodeterioration
Published in Thomas Dyer, Biodeterioration of Concrete, 2017
It is reasonable to assume that the molar volume of the salts plays an important role in influencing the effect that each acid has. The molar volume increases in the sequence oxalic < malic < succinic < tartaric < citric. The molar volume of calcium gluconate monohydrate is currently unknown. Whilst the calcium salts on the extreme end of this sequence correlate with the magnitude of damage observed, the other members do not.
In situ preparation of CaTiO3 and its effect on CO2 sorption performance of nano-CaO–CaTiO3 adsorbent
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Compared with the natural adsorbent such as limestone, faster CO2 adsorption rate which is nearly twice as much as that of limestone [11], lower calcination temperature (lower than 800°C) [11] and better cyclic durability are the irreplaceable advantages for synthetic nano-CaO-based adsorbents to control the long-term operating costs [12]. Even at present, most calcium precursors of nano-CaO-based adsorbents are expensive organic calcium salts such as calcium acetate, calcium gluconate and calcium lactate [50]. Compared with the CaO/TiO2–Al2O3 adsorbent whose cost was 9.85$/kgCO2 prepared by Zhao and co-workers [51], commercial nano-CaCO3 powder was used as new calcium precursor in this work to reduce the cost of nano-CaO–CaTiO3 adsorbents to 5.79$/kgCO2, which was calculated by the raw material price (www.made-in-china.com).
Fabrication and investigation of cardiac patch embedded with gold nanowires for improved myocardial infarction therapeutics
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2021
Li Tian, Mei Wei, Lishuang Ji, Mingqi Zheng, Gang Liu, Le Wang
The collagen-gold nanowire patch was prepared following the steps described by [20, 23]. The cardiac patch was prepared from collagen obtained from bovine Achilles tendon from Sigma Aldrich, China. Collagen was converted to fibre collagen by inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213). Aseptic environments were sustained to circumvent contamination. The process was adapted from [14] with numerous changes. The obtained collagen fibres were kept in dust free environment. The collagen fibres dispersed in demineralised water (1% w/v) were rapidly mixed with gold nanowire solution (1 mg/ml). Thereafter the collagen/gold nanowire solution was chemically cross-linked by adding calcium gluconate following which they were freezed at −20 °C. They were then lyophilised to produce cardiac patch which were of size 3 mm × 2 mm. Some cardiac patches were also made by only rapid mixing of collagen fibres with gold nanowire solution without crosslinking. Only collagen fibre cardiac patches were produced without adding gold nanowire solution but following the rest of steps. The collagen/gold nanowire cardiac patch with chemical crosslinking would henceforth be termed as COL-AuNW-CP1, collagen/gold nanowire cardiac patch w/o chemical crosslinking would be COL-AuNW-CP2 and only collagen fibre cardiac patch will be known as COL-CP.
Texture analysis of dried papaya (Carica papaya L., cv. Maradol) pretreated with calcium and osmotic dehydration
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
Josué Barragán-Iglesias, Juan Rodríguez-Ramírez, Shyam S. Sablani, Lilia L. Méndez-Lagunas
Calcium chloride (CaCl2),[2,18,19] calcium lactate (Ca-L),[2,18–20] and organic acids[2] have been mostly used in papaya to increase the firmness, the cutting force, and the stress at fracture, in addition, to increase the hardness, the gumminess, and the chewiness.[19] The calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is an inorganic source of calcium that has a high antimicrobial capacity to reduce food spoilage. The maximum values of calcium gain in the fruit coincided with the maximum values of compressive strength in papaya cylinders.[21] Ca(OH)2 is easy to handle and, in aqueous solution, allows rapid release of Ca2+ ions. It is more stable than the organic acids in the environment, could avoid the formation of carcinogenic compounds (chloramines and trihalomethanes) related to the use of chlorine[22] and it helps to reduce processing costs due to the accessibility and low price compared to other sources of calcium (Ca-L and calcium gluconate). The immersion in calcium solutions, either adding calcium to the osmotic solution can have a synergistic or competing effect during the OD. Adding calcium to osmotic solution causing a decrease in water loss and an increase in sugar gain was observed in papaya.[23] On the other hand, immersing the food in calcium solutions and subsequently to apply OD could improve the water loss during the OD.